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Honors Anatomy & Physiology > Nervous System material! > Flashcards

Nervous System material! Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system is divided into which 2 nervous systems?

A

central & peripheral

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2
Q

peripheral nervous system aka as ? divided into what 2 big divisions?

A

autonomic and somatic

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3
Q

autonomic division is further divided into what 2 divisions?

A

parasympathetic & sympathetic

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4
Q

Major function of the neuron?

A

excitability (respond to stimuli)

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5
Q

nerve tissue consists of what 2 cells?

A

neurons and neuroglia

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6
Q

function of dendrites

A

input area; receives signals from other neurons

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7
Q

function of soma (cell body)

A

input area; main nutritional and metabolic area

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8
Q

function of axon

A

conductive region; generates action potential along its length

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9
Q

4 types of neuroglia in CNS and function of each

A

astrocytes- attach to blood capillaries & neurons to create blood-brain barrier, restricts movement of substances btwn blood & neurons of CNS, provide nutrients to neurons, regulate ion concentration, remove excess neurotransmitters
oligodendrocytes- produce & maintain myelin
microglia- acts as phagocytes (remove damaged nerve tissue & invading microbes)
ependymal cells- line brain ventricles & central canal of spinal cord to protect & nourish CNS, produce & asist in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

what support cell forms the myelin sheath?

A

Schwann cells

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11
Q

myelin is found around which part of the neuron ?

A

axon

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12
Q

what substance is found in synaptic vesicles of the axon terminal

A

ACh acetylcholine

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13
Q

neurons have only one or many axons?

A

only one

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14
Q

axons are never or frequently branched?

A

frequently

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15
Q

dendrites have only one or many branches?

A

many

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16
Q

region of the cell body from which the axon originates from the cell body?

A

axon hillock

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17
Q

secretes neurotransmitters; at ends of axon

A

axon terminal

18
Q

receptive region of a neuron

A

dendrite

19
Q

insulates the nerve fibers

A

myelin sheath

20
Q

site of the nucleus and most important metabolic processes

A

cell body (soma)

21
Q

impulse transmitter

A

axon

22
Q

3 types of functional neurons and their function

A

sensory (afferent) neurons - transmit impulses to CNS
motor (efferent) neurons - carry info from CNS to effectors
interneurons - contact w/ nearby neurons

23
Q

bipolar vs unipolar vs multipolar

A

unipolar- cell body is not in direct line of axon & dendrite (pulled off to the left side of axon)
bipolar- cell body located in the middle of axon
multipolar- several dendrites with cell body in the middle of them

24
Q

oligondendrocytes are located where?

A

they are attached to schwann cells bc they produce and maintain myelin, no projections

25
Q

CNS involves what parts of the body? (2)

A

brain and spinal cord

26
Q

PNS involves what parts of body? (5)

A 
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
ganglia 
enteric plexuses in small intestine
sensory receptors in skin
27
Q

what do all neurons consist of ?

A

cell body, dendrites, and axon

28
Q

how does information flow in neuron structure?

A

dendrites to cell body to axon to axon terminal to synaptic end bulbs

29
Q

cell body

A

contains organelles typical of any other cell that maintains normal life functions
aka soma
synthesizes new cell products

30
Q

dendrites

A

extensions of the cell body that RECEIVE information

31
Q

axon hillock

A

site where impulses begin

cone shape at end of cell body (like wrist, triangle)

32
Q

axon collateral

A

branch of an axon

33
Q

axon

A 
long process that conducts information to another cell (neuron effector)
extends from axon hillock 
single axon per neuron
axoplasm -cytoplasm of axon
axolemma -cell membrane of axon
34
Q

schwann cell

A

maintains myelin sheath around a peripheral neuron

35
Q

myelin sheath

A

layered fatty covering that insulates axon

36
Q

node of ranvier

A

axon exposed between schwann cells (no myelin)

helps impulse travel faster!

37
Q

axon terminal

A

ending of axon where it meets another cell

38
Q

synaptic bulb

A

tip of the axon terminal

39
Q

Polarity of neurons. Which are which?

A

Multipolar- motor & interneurons

Bipolar & unipolar- sensory

40
Q

Characteristics of bipolar

A

One dendrite
One axon
Located: retina, inner ear, olfactory, brain areas

41
Q

Characteristics of unipolar

A

Dendrites & axon fused into 1 process (cell body not direct line of axon and dendrite)
Located: most sensory neurons

42
Q

Characteristics of multipolar

A

Several dendrites
One axon
Located: brain and spinal cord

Honors Anatomy & Physiology (45 decks)

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