Respiratory System Review

Question 1

in the nasal cavity, air passes over the ___

Answer 1

conchae

Question 2

the nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the ____

Answer 2

palate

Question 3

the nasal cavity and the oral cavity join to the form the ___

Answer 3

pharynx

Question 4

the inferior openings of the pharynx open into the __ and ___

Answer 4

larynx, esophagus

Question 5

the opening from the pharynx into the respiratory passages is the __

Answer 5

glottis

Question 6

the glottis can be covered by the

Answer 6

epiglottis

Question 7

the trachea is held open by rings of

Answer 7

cartilage

Question 8

the trachea divides into 2 __ ___

Answer 8

primary bronchi

Question 9

after several branchings, the bronchi lead into ___

Answer 9

bronchioles

Question 10

the bronchioles lead into the structures where gas is exchanged, called ___

Answer 10

alveoi

Question 11

mucus and watery secretions are produced by __ cells and seromucus glands

Answer 11

goblet

Question 12

these fluids along w/ foreign particles are normally moved out of the air passages by the organized beating of the __

Answer 12

cilia

Question 13

the walls of bronchioles contain __ muscle and __ connective tissue

Answer 13

smooth, elastic

Question 14

the mouth of the alveolus is shaped by a ring of __ tissue

Answer 14

elastic connective

Question 15

this smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue helps the respiratory passages change shape with the ebb and flow of __

Answer 15

air

Question 16

the epithelial cells (type 1) of the alveolus are ___ (tissue type).

Answer 16

simple squamous

Question 17

type 1 cells are closely connected to the endothelium of ___

Answer 17

capillaries

Question 18

type 1 cells provide for ___ exchange with the blood

Answer 18

gas

Question 19

the surfactant prevents the surface tension of the water from causing the collapse of the ___

Answer 19

alveoli

Question 20

the fluid allows the diffusion of ___ acros the respiratory membrane

Answer 20

gases

Question 21

the bones surrounding the thoracic cavity are the ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 21

ribs, sternum, vertebrae

Question 22

the thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by a muscle called the __

Answer 22

diaphragm

Question 23

the major organs found in the thoracic cavity are the __ and ___

Answer 23

heart, lungs

Question 24

the outer surface of the lungs is covered by a membrane called the __

Answer 24

visceral pleura

Question 25

the inner surface of the thoracic cavity is covered by a similar membrane called the __

Answer 25

parietal pleura

Question 26

these serous membranes produce a watery fluid that allows the lungs to ___ within the thoracic cavity

Answer 26

expand

Question 27

the (potential) space between the pleura is the __

Answer 27

pleural cavity

Question 28

respiratory muscles found btwn the ribs are the __

Answer 28

intercostal muscles

Question 29

after exhaling, a person at rest has a lung volume called __

Answer 29

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Question 30

since this lung volume occurs from passive relaxation of muscles, does the body have to expend metabolic energy to arrive at it?

Answer 30

no

Question 31

the volume of resting inhalation described as 1 normal breath is called ____

Answer 31

tidal volume (TV)

Question 32

By using extra muscular force, the lungs can be enlarged to a greater volume than tidal. this reserve is called __ volume

Answer 32

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Question 33

when the lungs are at FRC, extra muscular force can cause lung volume to decrease expelling additional air. This reserve is called ___ volume

Answer 33

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Question 34

the total volume change that the lung can accomplish is called the __

Answer 34

Vital Capacity (VC)

Question 35

When the thorax has forcefully expelled as much air as possible, the lungs are not completely empty. Their volume is called the ___

Answer 35

Residual Volume (RV)

Question 36

When the diaphragm contracts, its central tendon is pulled inferiorly, causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to ___

Answer 36

increase

Question 37

when the external intercostal muscles contract, the ribs pivot in a ___ direction. This causes the anterior-posterior dimension of the thorax to ___.

Answer 37

superior, increase

Question 38

these 2 changes cause the total volume of the thoracic cavity to __

Answer 38

increase

Question 39

since the volume of the thoracic cavity have increased, the pressure within it has ___

Answer 39

decreased

Question 40

if the pressure in the thorax falls below atmospheric pressure, the air moves ____ the lungs

Answer 40

into

Question 41

when the diaphragm relaxes, the abdominal pressure causes the central tendon to move back toward the thorax , the thoracic pressure __

Answer 41

increases

Question 42

when the external intercostal muscles relax, the ribs falls back to their resting position, causing the anterior-posterior dimension of the thorax to ___.

Answer 42

decrease

Question 43

These changes ___ the pressure on the air, causing it to move ___ the lungs

Answer 43

increase, out of