Respiratory System Review Flashcards
in the nasal cavity, air passes over the ___
conchae
the nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the ____
palate
the nasal cavity and the oral cavity join to the form the ___
pharynx
the inferior openings of the pharynx open into the __ and ___
larynx, esophagus
the opening from the pharynx into the respiratory passages is the __
glottis
the glottis can be covered by the
epiglottis
the trachea is held open by rings of
cartilage
the trachea divides into 2 __ ___
primary bronchi
after several branchings, the bronchi lead into ___
bronchioles
the bronchioles lead into the structures where gas is exchanged, called ___
alveoi
mucus and watery secretions are produced by __ cells and seromucus glands
goblet
these fluids along w/ foreign particles are normally moved out of the air passages by the organized beating of the __
cilia
the walls of bronchioles contain __ muscle and __ connective tissue
smooth, elastic
the mouth of the alveolus is shaped by a ring of __ tissue
elastic connective
this smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue helps the respiratory passages change shape with the ebb and flow of __
air
the epithelial cells (type 1) of the alveolus are ___ (tissue type).
simple squamous
type 1 cells are closely connected to the endothelium of ___
capillaries
type 1 cells provide for ___ exchange with the blood
gas
the surfactant prevents the surface tension of the water from causing the collapse of the ___
alveoli
the fluid allows the diffusion of ___ acros the respiratory membrane
gases
the bones surrounding the thoracic cavity are the ___, ___, and ___.
ribs, sternum, vertebrae
the thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by a muscle called the __
diaphragm
the major organs found in the thoracic cavity are the __ and ___
heart, lungs
the outer surface of the lungs is covered by a membrane called the __
visceral pleura
the inner surface of the thoracic cavity is covered by a similar membrane called the __
parietal pleura
these serous membranes produce a watery fluid that allows the lungs to ___ within the thoracic cavity
expand
the (potential) space between the pleura is the __
pleural cavity
respiratory muscles found btwn the ribs are the __
intercostal muscles
after exhaling, a person at rest has a lung volume called __
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
since this lung volume occurs from passive relaxation of muscles, does the body have to expend metabolic energy to arrive at it?
no
the volume of resting inhalation described as 1 normal breath is called ____
tidal volume (TV)
By using extra muscular force, the lungs can be enlarged to a greater volume than tidal. this reserve is called __ volume
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
when the lungs are at FRC, extra muscular force can cause lung volume to decrease expelling additional air. This reserve is called ___ volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
the total volume change that the lung can accomplish is called the __
Vital Capacity (VC)
When the thorax has forcefully expelled as much air as possible, the lungs are not completely empty. Their volume is called the ___
Residual Volume (RV)
When the diaphragm contracts, its central tendon is pulled inferiorly, causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to ___
increase
when the external intercostal muscles contract, the ribs pivot in a ___ direction. This causes the anterior-posterior dimension of the thorax to ___.
superior, increase
these 2 changes cause the total volume of the thoracic cavity to __
increase
since the volume of the thoracic cavity have increased, the pressure within it has ___
decreased
if the pressure in the thorax falls below atmospheric pressure, the air moves ____ the lungs
into
when the diaphragm relaxes, the abdominal pressure causes the central tendon to move back toward the thorax , the thoracic pressure __
increases
when the external intercostal muscles relax, the ribs falls back to their resting position, causing the anterior-posterior dimension of the thorax to ___.
decrease
These changes ___ the pressure on the air, causing it to move ___ the lungs
increase, out of
