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Honors Anatomy & Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood

description? blood cells location? called? examples? other?

A 
fluid connective tissue
cells suspended in light, fibrous matrix
blood cells are FORMED ELEMENTS
-red & white blood cells, platelets
liquid matrix is PLASMA
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2
Q

blood characteristics

color? viscosity? pH? temperature? volume?

A

color: -scarlet (O2 rich)
-dark red (O2 poor) NOT BLUE
viscosity: -5x time that of water
pH: 7.3-7.5 (slightly basic, too low-> acidosis)
Temp: 100F
Volume: - 4-5 liters female
- 5-6 L males

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3
Q

functions (3)

A

transportation
regulation
prevents infections

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4
Q

transportation

A

carries o@, nutrients, wastes (like C02), and hormones

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5
Q

regulates

A

body temp, fluid pH, fluid volumes

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6
Q

prevents infections

A

(white blood cells)

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7
Q

blood cell production is called?

A

hematopoiesis

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8
Q

blood cell production (hematopoiesis)

occurs? examples (6)? blood cells come from? called?

A

occurs in red bone marrow
-ribs, vertebrae, sternum, pelvis, humerus, femur
all blood cells come from homatopoietic stem cells
-hemoblasts (first blood cells-> organs, development of fetus)

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9
Q

plasma proteins (6)

A 
albumin
globulins
-alpha & beta globulins
-gamma globulins
clotting proteins- fibrinogen, prothrombin
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10
Q

albumin

known for being..? produced? function (2)?

A

most abundant
produced by liver
maintains plasma osmotic pressure
transports steroids

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11
Q

(globulins) Alpha and beta golublins

produced? function?

A

produced by liver

transport lipids & fat-soluble vitamins

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12
Q

(globulins) Gamma globulins

produced? type of?

A

produced by lymphatic system

type of antibody (antibodies fight infections)

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13
Q

Clotting proteins- fibrinogen, prothrombin

produced? function?

A

produced by liver
aids in blood clotting
(hemophiliacs don’t makes these, proteins-> made of amino acids)

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14
Q

Red blood cells aka?

A

erythrocytes

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15
Q

red blood cells (erythrocytes)
measure? shape? known for? how much in blood? function? contains? composed of (2)? job of each molecule? example and location?

A 
7.5 mew m in distance 
biconcave discs
lack nuclei and organelles
4-6 mill/mewL of blood
FUNCTION: O2 transport, minor CO2 transport
contains: hemoglobin (part of RBC)
-composed of: Protein (globin) & red heme (Fe) pigments
-each molecule carries 4 O2 (8 total)
  -oxyhemoglobin (in lungs)
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16
Q

name for red blood cell production

A

erythropoiesis

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17
Q

red blood cell production (erythropoiesis)
hormone involved? where released? function? what’s required for this hormone to be released? what cells are involved? RBC lifespan?

A

hormone: erythropoietin (EPO) controls RBC formation rate
-released by kidneys
works on negative feedback system
-low O2 content-> EPO released
vitamin B 12 & iron (Fe) required
hemocytoblasts divide and differentiate
RBC’s lifespan- 120 days (get old -> die)

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18
Q 
red blood cell removal/ recycling
# of RBC maintained by? what happens to old/damaged ones?
A 
# of RBCs is constant & maintained by negative feedback
old/damaged cells engulfed by macrophages (pac men) in spleen, liver, red bone marrow
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19
Q

hemoglobin (involved in red blood cell removal/ recycling)

A

broken down into heme & globin
-globin reduced to amino acids
-Fe removed from heme & transported to liver
-rest of heme converted to pigement- BILIRUBIN
-becomes part of bile (made in liver, stored in
gallbladder, yellow/green)

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20
Q

rbc (erythrocytes) known for?

A

lack of nuclei and organelles (BUT STILL CONSIDERED CELLS)

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21
Q

White blood cells aka?

A

leukocytes

22
Q

White blood cells (leukocytes)

called? how much in blood volume? how much total in blood? function? mostly located? 2 different classes of WBC?

A 
"true cells"
less than 1% of blood volume 
FUNCTION: protect against pathogens, toxins, cancer cells
formed in red bone marrow by hemoblasts
5,000-10,000 mewL of blood
most WBCs in lymphatic organs
two class of white blood cells
-Granulocytes: stainable granules (have grains)
-Agranulocytes: no stainable granules
23
Q

Granulocytes

size? lifespan? shape? kinds (3)?

A 
2x size of red blood cells 
granular cytoplasm 
short life span
kinds:
-neutrophils
-eosinophils
-basophils
24
Q

neutrophils

known for being…? amount in WBCs? granules color? nucleus? function & examples?

A

most numerous WBC - 50-70% of WBCs
stained light purple granules
3-6 lobed nucleus
FUNCTION: fight bacterial infections (ex: cut, sore throat)

25
Q

eosinophils

amount in WBCs? nucleus? granules color? function?

A

2-4% of WBC
bi-lobed nucleus
granules redish-orange
FUNCTION: lessen allergic reactions & attack parasitic worms

26
Q

basophils

amount in WBCs? granules color? location? function (2)?

A
27
Q

Agranulocytes

description? kinds (2)? mainly located where?

A

no cytoplasmic granules

kinds: (mainly lymphatic system)
- monocytes
- lymphocytes

28
Q

monocytes

amount in WBCs? shape of nucleus? cytoplasm color? become? function?

A 
3-8% of WBCs
LARGEST blood cell
kidney-shaped nucleus, blue cytoplasm
leave bloodstream to become MACROPHAGES
FUNCTION: phagocytosis of foreign particles & debris
29
Q

lymphocytes

amount in WBCs? shape of nucleus? location and how many? lifespan? types (2)?

A 
30% of WBCs
large, round nucleus
trillions in mostly lymphatic tissues (immune system too)
live for many years
types
-T cells
-B cells
30
Q

(lymphocytes) T cells

function?

A

defend against viruses and tumor cells

manage immune response

31
Q

(lymphocytes) B cells

function?

A

Produce antibodies

32
Q

white blood cell counts

normal? low? called? high? called? symptoms of high?

A 
normal: 5-10 thousand/mm^3
Low WBC count: below 5,000
 -called LEUKOPENIA
High WBC count: above 10,000
 -called LEUKOCYTOSIS
     -acute infections, vigorous exercise, loss of body fluids
33
Q

blood platelets aka?

A

thrombocytes

34
Q 
blood platelets (thrombocytes)
what are they? name? formed where? how many in blood? function?
A

fragments of large bone marrow cells - MEGAKARYOCTES (mother of all blood cells, “mega”)
formed in red bone marrow
150,000-400,000/ mewL blood
FUNCTION: help form blood clots in torn blood vessels

35
Q

Thrombotic Thromobocytopenic Purpure (TTP)

type of disorder?

A

clotting

36
Q

Sickle cell anemia

type of disorder?

A

anemia

37
Q

hereditary spherocytosis

type of disorder?

A

anemia

38
Q

Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS)

type of disorder?

A

clotting

39
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

type of disorder?

A

clotting

40
Q

Hemophilia

type of disorder?

A

non-clotting

41
Q

Von Willebrand Disease

type of disorder?

A

non-clotting

MOST COMMON

42
Q

Leukemia

type of disorder?

A

blood cancer

43
Q

Lymphoma

type of disorder?

A

blood cancer

44
Q

shape of erythrocytes vs leukocytes vs platelets

A

erythrocytes- biconcave, anucleate disc
leukocytes- spherical, nucleated cells
platelets- discoid cytoplasmic fragments containing granules

45
Q

components of blood in %

A 
Plasma: 55%
Formed elements (cells): 45%
Buffy coat (leukocytes (WBC) & platelets): 1%
46
Q

how much water is in plasma? (%)

A

90%

47
Q

function of water in plasma

A

solvent carrying other substances; absorbs heat

48
Q

function of salts (electrolytes) in plasma

A

osmotic balance, pH buffering, regulation of membrane permeability

49
Q

substances transported by the blood in plasma?

5

A 
nutrients
waste products
respiratory gases
hormones
buffers
50
Q

function of RBC

A

transport oxygen and help transport CO2

51
Q

function of WBC

A

defense & immunity

52
Q

function of platelets

A

blood clotting

Honors Anatomy & Physiology (45 decks)

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