Blood Flashcards
Blood
description? blood cells location? called? examples? other?
fluid connective tissue cells suspended in light, fibrous matrix blood cells are FORMED ELEMENTS -red & white blood cells, platelets liquid matrix is PLASMA
blood characteristics
color? viscosity? pH? temperature? volume?
color: -scarlet (O2 rich)
-dark red (O2 poor) NOT BLUE
viscosity: -5x time that of water
pH: 7.3-7.5 (slightly basic, too low-> acidosis)
Temp: 100F
Volume: - 4-5 liters female
- 5-6 L males
functions (3)
transportation
regulation
prevents infections
transportation
carries o@, nutrients, wastes (like C02), and hormones
regulates
body temp, fluid pH, fluid volumes
prevents infections
(white blood cells)
blood cell production is called?
hematopoiesis
blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
occurs? examples (6)? blood cells come from? called?
occurs in red bone marrow
-ribs, vertebrae, sternum, pelvis, humerus, femur
all blood cells come from homatopoietic stem cells
-hemoblasts (first blood cells-> organs, development of fetus)
plasma proteins (6)
albumin globulins -alpha & beta globulins -gamma globulins clotting proteins- fibrinogen, prothrombin
albumin
known for being..? produced? function (2)?
most abundant
produced by liver
maintains plasma osmotic pressure
transports steroids
(globulins) Alpha and beta golublins
produced? function?
produced by liver
transport lipids & fat-soluble vitamins
(globulins) Gamma globulins
produced? type of?
produced by lymphatic system
type of antibody (antibodies fight infections)
Clotting proteins- fibrinogen, prothrombin
produced? function?
produced by liver
aids in blood clotting
(hemophiliacs don’t makes these, proteins-> made of amino acids)
Red blood cells aka?
erythrocytes
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
measure? shape? known for? how much in blood? function? contains? composed of (2)? job of each molecule? example and location?
7.5 mew m in distance biconcave discs lack nuclei and organelles 4-6 mill/mewL of blood FUNCTION: O2 transport, minor CO2 transport contains: hemoglobin (part of RBC) -composed of: Protein (globin) & red heme (Fe) pigments -each molecule carries 4 O2 (8 total) -oxyhemoglobin (in lungs)
name for red blood cell production
erythropoiesis
red blood cell production (erythropoiesis)
hormone involved? where released? function? what’s required for this hormone to be released? what cells are involved? RBC lifespan?
hormone: erythropoietin (EPO) controls RBC formation rate
-released by kidneys
works on negative feedback system
-low O2 content-> EPO released
vitamin B 12 & iron (Fe) required
hemocytoblasts divide and differentiate
RBC’s lifespan- 120 days (get old -> die)
red blood cell removal/ recycling # of RBC maintained by? what happens to old/damaged ones?
# of RBCs is constant & maintained by negative feedback old/damaged cells engulfed by macrophages (pac men) in spleen, liver, red bone marrow
hemoglobin (involved in red blood cell removal/ recycling)
broken down into heme & globin
-globin reduced to amino acids
-Fe removed from heme & transported to liver
-rest of heme converted to pigement- BILIRUBIN
-becomes part of bile (made in liver, stored in
gallbladder, yellow/green)
rbc (erythrocytes) known for?
lack of nuclei and organelles (BUT STILL CONSIDERED CELLS)
White blood cells aka?
leukocytes
White blood cells (leukocytes)
called? how much in blood volume? how much total in blood? function? mostly located? 2 different classes of WBC?
"true cells" less than 1% of blood volume FUNCTION: protect against pathogens, toxins, cancer cells formed in red bone marrow by hemoblasts 5,000-10,000 mewL of blood most WBCs in lymphatic organs two class of white blood cells -Granulocytes: stainable granules (have grains) -Agranulocytes: no stainable granules
Granulocytes
size? lifespan? shape? kinds (3)?
2x size of red blood cells granular cytoplasm short life span kinds: -neutrophils -eosinophils -basophils
neutrophils
known for being…? amount in WBCs? granules color? nucleus? function & examples?
most numerous WBC - 50-70% of WBCs
stained light purple granules
3-6 lobed nucleus
FUNCTION: fight bacterial infections (ex: cut, sore throat)
eosinophils
amount in WBCs? nucleus? granules color? function?
2-4% of WBC
bi-lobed nucleus
granules redish-orange
FUNCTION: lessen allergic reactions & attack parasitic worms
basophils
amount in WBCs? granules color? location? function (2)?
Agranulocytes
description? kinds (2)? mainly located where?
no cytoplasmic granules
kinds: (mainly lymphatic system)
- monocytes
- lymphocytes
monocytes
amount in WBCs? shape of nucleus? cytoplasm color? become? function?
3-8% of WBCs LARGEST blood cell kidney-shaped nucleus, blue cytoplasm leave bloodstream to become MACROPHAGES FUNCTION: phagocytosis of foreign particles & debris
lymphocytes
amount in WBCs? shape of nucleus? location and how many? lifespan? types (2)?
30% of WBCs large, round nucleus trillions in mostly lymphatic tissues (immune system too) live for many years types -T cells -B cells
(lymphocytes) T cells
function?
defend against viruses and tumor cells
manage immune response
(lymphocytes) B cells
function?
Produce antibodies
white blood cell counts
normal? low? called? high? called? symptoms of high?
normal: 5-10 thousand/mm^3
Low WBC count: below 5,000
-called LEUKOPENIA
High WBC count: above 10,000
-called LEUKOCYTOSIS
-acute infections, vigorous exercise, loss of body fluidsblood platelets aka?
thrombocytes
blood platelets (thrombocytes) what are they? name? formed where? how many in blood? function?
fragments of large bone marrow cells - MEGAKARYOCTES (mother of all blood cells, “mega”)
formed in red bone marrow
150,000-400,000/ mewL blood
FUNCTION: help form blood clots in torn blood vessels
Thrombotic Thromobocytopenic Purpure (TTP)
type of disorder?
clotting
Sickle cell anemia
type of disorder?
anemia
hereditary spherocytosis
type of disorder?
anemia
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS)
type of disorder?
clotting
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
type of disorder?
clotting
Hemophilia
type of disorder?
non-clotting
Von Willebrand Disease
type of disorder?
non-clotting
MOST COMMON
Leukemia
type of disorder?
blood cancer
Lymphoma
type of disorder?
blood cancer
shape of erythrocytes vs leukocytes vs platelets
erythrocytes- biconcave, anucleate disc
leukocytes- spherical, nucleated cells
platelets- discoid cytoplasmic fragments containing granules
components of blood in %
Plasma: 55% Formed elements (cells): 45% Buffy coat (leukocytes (WBC) & platelets): 1%
how much water is in plasma? (%)
90%
function of water in plasma
solvent carrying other substances; absorbs heat
function of salts (electrolytes) in plasma
osmotic balance, pH buffering, regulation of membrane permeability
substances transported by the blood in plasma?
5
nutrients waste products respiratory gases hormones buffers
function of RBC
transport oxygen and help transport CO2
function of WBC
defense & immunity
function of platelets
blood clotting
