Respiratory System Flashcards
Includes (2)
what does each do?
passages- transport air to and from lungs
air sacs- gas exchange btwn atmosphere and body cells
Function of Respiratory System?
obtain O2 and remove CO2 from body
-cells require O2 to extract energy from nutrients
Organs of Respiratory System (10)
- Nose
- Nasal Cavity
- Paranasal Sinuses
- Pharynx (throat)
- Larynx (voice box)
- Vocal Folds
- Glottis
- Epiglottis
- Trachea (windpipe)
- Lungs (contain Alveoli)
Nose contains what (2)? entrance for air is called?
bone & cartilage for support
nostrils (nares)- entrance for air
Nasal Cavity
def? contains (2)? def of structures? what do they do?
space posterior to nose
nasal septum- divides cavity medially
nasal chonchae- system of curled bones from wall of cavity
-divides cavity into passageways
-increases surface area of mucous membrane
-filters, warms, and moistens incoming air
Paranasal Sinuses
def? what does it do? description? known to be a…?
air filled spaces in skull- open into nasal cavity
reduce skull weight
lined w/ mucous membrane (green stuff that drains out)
is a resonant chamber for speech
Pharynx (throat)
location? contains? function? 3 parts are…?
posterior to mouth
houses tonsils
passageway for food and air
3 parts: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Larynopharynx
(Pharynx (throat))
Nasopharynx
location?
(high, by nose)
@ back of nostrils
(Pharynx (throat))
Oropharynx
location?
(stick out tongue)
middle section, back of throat
(Pharynx (throat))
Larynopharynx
location?
(low)
above larynx
Larynx (voice box)
function? contains? composed of?
connects trachea and pharynx
houses vocal cords
composed of muscle & cartilage bound by elastic tissue
(Larynx (voice box))
Largest cartilage areas? descriptions of each? (3)
Thyroid cartilage- shield like
-Laryngeal Prominence- Adam’s apple
Cricoid cartilage- lowest portion of larynx, ring shaped
Vocal Folds
def? appear how? why? what is produced? involves (3) conditions?
(aka vocal cords) ligaments of elastic fibers- 1 pair appear white- no blood vessels vibrate producing sound as air rushes up from lungs pitch (tone) Intensity (loudness) false vocal folds
(Vocal Folds)
Pitch (tone)
controlled by?
(around folds)
controlled by contracting & relaxing laryngeal muscles
(Vocal Folds)
Intensity (loudness)
definition?
force of air over folds
False vocal cords
location? functions?
superior to vocal folds
help close glottis (the opening)
not involved in sound
Glottis
def? function? location of function?
OPENING btwn vocal folds
when closed prevents food entering trachea
muscles close glottis @ false vocal folds
Epiglottis
def? function? what occurs during swallowing? what does this do?
FLAP like structure attached to glottis
allows air to enter larynx
during swallowing: epiglottis presses downward to cover laryngeal opening
-prevents food & liquids entering trachea
Trachea (windpipe)
description? contains? location? lined w/? function?
flexible tube 2.5cm diameter & 12.5cm long
C-shaped rings hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle, connective tissue
in front of esophagus
lined w/ mucous membranes and goblet cells (secrete mucous)
FUNCTION: traps particles to move them away from lungs
Lungs
description? enclosed by? surrounded by? made up of (5) structures that are…?
soft, spongy, cone shaped enclosed by diaphragm and thoracic cavity surrounded by double layer of serous membrane -visceral pleura -parietal pleura -pleural cavity -right lung -left lung
(Lungs)
visceral pleura
location?
attached to lung surface
(Lungs)
parietal pleura
location?
outer layer attached to wall of thoracic cavity
(Lungs)
pleural cavity
location?
very small gap btwn layers filled with serous fluid
(Lungs)
Right lung
made up of ?
3 lobes- superior, middle, & inferior lobes
(Lungs)
Left lung
made up of ?
2 lobes- superior & inferior lobes
heart is in the way, so less lobes
Which lung is bigger than the other ?
Right lung is bigger than the Left lung
what does pleura mean?
pleura means LUNG
Alveoli
how many in lungs? description? surrounded by? contain? function?
(pulmonary circuit) (alveoli are part of the lung)
300 million in lungs
sac-like structures surrounded by capillary network
simple squamous epithelium (so diffusion btwn cappilaries & alveoi)
function: gas exchange btwn lungs & blood
What structure is damaged w/ black lung?
Alveoli
Non-Respiratory Air Movements
include (6)…?
Coughing Sneezing Hiccuping Crying Laughing Yawning
Coughing
def? purpose?
- long, deep inhale followed by strong exhale
- clears foreign body from larynx, pharynx, epiglottis
Sneezing
def? what is actually occurring?
- Spasmodic contraction of muscles or exhalation
- irritation of nasal mucosa
Hiccuping
def? what’s produced? what is actually occurring?
- Spasmodic contraction of diaphragm, followed by spasmodic closure of larynx (produces sharp sound on inhalation)
- irritation of sensory nerve endings of gastrointestinal tract
Crying
def? what occurs? type of response to what?
- inhalation followed by air release in short exhalations
- vocal cords vibrate
- emotional response
Laughing
how does this compare to crying? (3)
- same basic movements as crying
- facial expressions differ crying crying
- emotional repsonse
Yawning
def? purpose? cause?
- deep inhale, jaws wide open
- ventilates alveoli
- precise cause unknown
what are the non-respiratory air movements all controlled by?
They are all controlled by the nervous system
