Respiratory System

Question 1

Includes (2)

what does each do?

Answer 1

passages- transport air to and from lungs

air sacs- gas exchange btwn atmosphere and body cells

Question 2

Function of Respiratory System?

Answer 2

obtain O2 and remove CO2 from body

-cells require O2 to extract energy from nutrients

Question 3

Organs of Respiratory System (10)

Answer 3

1. Nose
2. Nasal Cavity
3. Paranasal Sinuses
4. Pharynx (throat)
5. Larynx (voice box)
6. Vocal Folds
7. Glottis
8. Epiglottis
9. Trachea (windpipe)
10. Lungs (contain Alveoli)

Question 4

Nose
contains what (2)? entrance for air is called?

Answer 4

bone & cartilage for support

nostrils (nares)- entrance for air

Question 5

Nasal Cavity

def? contains (2)? def of structures? what do they do?

Answer 5

space posterior to nose
nasal septum- divides cavity medially
nasal chonchae- system of curled bones from wall of cavity
-divides cavity into passageways
-increases surface area of mucous membrane
-filters, warms, and moistens incoming air

Question 6

Paranasal Sinuses

def? what does it do? description? known to be a…?

Answer 6

air filled spaces in skull- open into nasal cavity
reduce skull weight
lined w/ mucous membrane (green stuff that drains out)
is a resonant chamber for speech

Question 7

Pharynx (throat)

location? contains? function? 3 parts are…?

Answer 7

posterior to mouth
houses tonsils
passageway for food and air
3 parts: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Larynopharynx

Question 8

(Pharynx (throat))
Nasopharynx
location?

Answer 8

(high, by nose)

@ back of nostrils

Question 9

(Pharynx (throat))
Oropharynx
location?

Answer 9

(stick out tongue)

middle section, back of throat

Question 10

(Pharynx (throat))
Larynopharynx
location?

Answer 10

(low)

above larynx

Question 11

Larynx (voice box)

function? contains? composed of?

Answer 11

connects trachea and pharynx
houses vocal cords
composed of muscle & cartilage bound by elastic tissue

Question 12

(Larynx (voice box))

Largest cartilage areas? descriptions of each? (3)

Answer 12

Thyroid cartilage- shield like
-Laryngeal Prominence- Adam’s apple
Cricoid cartilage- lowest portion of larynx, ring shaped

Question 13

Vocal Folds

def? appear how? why? what is produced? involves (3) conditions?

Answer 13

(aka vocal cords)
ligaments of elastic fibers- 1 pair
appear white- no blood vessels
vibrate producing sound as air rushes up from lungs 
pitch (tone)
Intensity (loudness)
false vocal folds

Question 14

(Vocal Folds)
Pitch (tone)
controlled by?

Answer 14

(around folds)

controlled by contracting & relaxing laryngeal muscles

Question 15

(Vocal Folds)
Intensity (loudness)
definition?

Answer 15

force of air over folds

Question 16

False vocal cords

location? functions?

Answer 16

superior to vocal folds
help close glottis (the opening)
not involved in sound

Question 17

Glottis

def? function? location of function?

Answer 17

OPENING btwn vocal folds
when closed prevents food entering trachea
muscles close glottis @ false vocal folds

Question 18

Epiglottis

def? function? what occurs during swallowing? what does this do?

Answer 18

FLAP like structure attached to glottis
allows air to enter larynx
during swallowing: epiglottis presses downward to cover laryngeal opening
-prevents food & liquids entering trachea

Question 19

Trachea (windpipe)

description? contains? location? lined w/? function?

Answer 19

flexible tube 2.5cm diameter & 12.5cm long
C-shaped rings hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle, connective tissue
in front of esophagus
lined w/ mucous membranes and goblet cells (secrete mucous)
FUNCTION: traps particles to move them away from lungs

Question 20

Lungs

description? enclosed by? surrounded by? made up of (5) structures that are…?

Answer 20

soft, spongy, cone shaped
enclosed by diaphragm and thoracic cavity
surrounded by double layer of serous membrane
-visceral pleura
-parietal pleura
-pleural cavity
-right lung
-left lung

Question 21

(Lungs)
visceral pleura
location?

Answer 21

attached to lung surface

Question 22

(Lungs)
parietal pleura
location?

Answer 22

outer layer attached to wall of thoracic cavity

Question 23

(Lungs)
pleural cavity
location?

Answer 23

very small gap btwn layers filled with serous fluid

Question 24

(Lungs)
Right lung
made up of ?

Answer 24

3 lobes- superior, middle, & inferior lobes

Question 25

(Lungs)
Left lung
made up of ?

Answer 25

2 lobes- superior & inferior lobes

heart is in the way, so less lobes

Question 26

Which lung is bigger than the other ?

Answer 26

Right lung is bigger than the Left lung

Question 27

what does pleura mean?

Answer 27

pleura means LUNG

Question 28

Alveoli

how many in lungs? description? surrounded by? contain? function?

Answer 28

(pulmonary circuit) (alveoli are part of the lung)
300 million in lungs
sac-like structures surrounded by capillary network
simple squamous epithelium (so diffusion btwn cappilaries & alveoi)
function: gas exchange btwn lungs & blood

Question 29

What structure is damaged w/ black lung?

Answer 29

Alveoli

Question 30

Non-Respiratory Air Movements

include (6)…?

Answer 30

Coughing 
Sneezing
Hiccuping
Crying
Laughing
Yawning

Question 31

Coughing

def? purpose?

Answer 31

• long, deep inhale followed by strong exhale

- clears foreign body from larynx, pharynx, epiglottis

Question 32

Sneezing

def? what is actually occurring?

Answer 32

• Spasmodic contraction of muscles or exhalation

- irritation of nasal mucosa

Question 33

Hiccuping

def? what’s produced? what is actually occurring?

Answer 33

• Spasmodic contraction of diaphragm, followed by spasmodic closure of larynx (produces sharp sound on inhalation)
• irritation of sensory nerve endings of gastrointestinal tract

Question 34

Crying

def? what occurs? type of response to what?

Answer 34

• inhalation followed by air release in short exhalations
• vocal cords vibrate
• emotional response

Question 35

Laughing

how does this compare to crying? (3)

Answer 35

• same basic movements as crying
• facial expressions differ crying crying
• emotional repsonse

Question 36

Yawning

def? purpose? cause?

Answer 36

• deep inhale, jaws wide open
• ventilates alveoli
• precise cause unknown

Question 37

what are the non-respiratory air movements all controlled by?

Answer 37

They are all controlled by the nervous system