Ch 1 Quiz Flashcards
Anterior can also mean what?
What is its definition
Ventral
Toward the front, in front of
Posterior can also mean what?
What is the definition?
Dorsal
Toward the back, behind
Superior can also mean what?
What is its definition?
Cranial
Toward the head
Inferior can also mean what?
Definition?
Caudal
Toward the tail
Example of anterior
The palms are on the anterior side of the body.
The esophagus is anterior to the spinal cord.
Example of posterior
The occipital bone is on the posterior cranium (skull).
The spinal cord is posterior to the esophagus.
Example of superior
The nose is superior to the mouth.
The neck is superior to the chest.
Example of inferior
The nose is inferior to the forehead. The umbilicus (belly button) is inferior to the chest.
Define Proximal
Closer to the point of origin (the trunk)
Define distal
Farther away from the point of origin (the trunk)
Example of proximal
The knee is proximal to the ankle.
The shoulder is proximal to the elbow.
Example of distal
The foot is distal to the hip.
The wrist is distal to the elbow.
Define medial
Closer to the midline of the body or a body part; on the inner side of
Define lateral
Farther away from the midline of the body or a body part; on the outer side of
Define superficial
Closer to the surface
define deep
Farther below the surface (this is usually into a cavity or touches an organ)
Example of superficial
The skin is superficial to the muscle.
Muscle is superficial to bone.
Example of deep
Bone is deep to the skin.
Bone is deep to the muscle.
What do directional terms explain?
The location of 1 body structure in relation to another
Example of lateral
The shoulder is lateral to the chest.
The thumb is lateral to the index finger.
Example of medial
The ear is medial to the shoulder.
The index finger is medial to the thumb.
What are the two body cavities?
dorsal and ventral body cavity
which body cavity is the back?
front?
the back is the dorsal
the front is the ventral
What cavities are on the dorsal body cavity? (2)
cranial cavity
vertebral (spinal) cavity
What cavities are on the ventral body cavity?
right and left pleural cavity (lungs) thoracic cavity diaphragm abdominopelvic cavity mediastinum pericardial cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity
what does the thoracic cavity contain? (above)
what does the abdominopelvic cavity contain? (below)
T- right&left pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, and mediastinum
A- abdominal and pelvic cavity
what is the mediastinum?
the central region, houses the heart, trachea, and other organs.
what is the pericardial cavity hold?
the heart
what does the cranial cavity hold?
the brain
what does the abdominal cavity hold?
the stomach, kidneys, liver, intestines, and other organs
What does the pelvic cavity hold?
(urinary) it holds the bladder and reproductive organs
When you’re looking at an anatomy diagram, what are you really looking at to determine left and right?
you are looking at yourself
what are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?
right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ), and right lower quadrant (RLQ)
What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?
right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriax region
right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region
right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region
what does epi mean?
over or upon (like epigastric region)
What is a sagittal section and how does it divide the body?
divides the body (or organ) into left & right parts (not equal!)
What is a median, or midsagittal, section and how does it divide the body?
divides the body (or organ) into equal left and right parts.
What is a frontal, or coronal, section and how does it divide the body?
divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts.
What is a transverse, or cross, section and how does it divide the body?
divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts.
What are sections? What are planes?
cuts along imaginary lines known as planes
planes are imaginary lines
how many types of planes or sections exist as right angles to another?
3
Sagittal, frontal, and transverse
what are body planes and sections used for?
MRI’s and cat scans (can even be used to determine tumors)
Transverse is cut how?
hamburger style
sagittal is cut how?
hot dog style
frontal is cut how?
front and back (like stopping halfway through a screen)
