Respiratory System Gas Exchange

Question 1

Gas Exchange

what are the types (2)?

Answer 1

External Respiration (pulmonary gas exchange)
Internal Respiration (Tissue/blood gas exchange (systemic))

Question 2

Gas Exchange

External & Internal Respiration, what do they use? Air? Gases?

Answer 2

Use diffusion from high to low concentration of gas pressures
Air- mixture of gases
-Each gas has a partial pressure

Question 3

External Respiration

def? btwn? alveoli? rate…? what occurs O2 & CO2?

Answer 3

Gas exchange btwn blood & lungs

• btwn alveoli & pulmonary capillaries
  
  • Alveoli provide a large surface area for gas exchange
• RATE AND DEPTH OF BREATHING CONTROLS GAS CONCENTRATIONS (EX: high when running, low when sitting)
  
  • O2 diffuses from alveoli into capillaries
  • CO2 diffuses from capillaries to alveoli

Question 4

Internal Respiration

def? determined by? whats occurs w/ O2 & CO2?

Answer 4

• Gas exchange btwn tissue cells & blood of systemic system
• DETERMINED BY RATE OF METABOLISM OF CELLS THAT CONSUME & PRODUCE O2 & CO2 (more chemicals, more O2) (EX: lifting, more O2 in cells)
• O2 diffuses from capillaries into interstitial fluid to body cells
• CO2 diffuses from cells to interstitial fluid to systemic capillaries

Question 5

Gas Transport : Oxygen

how many ways is oxygen carried? what are they?

Answer 5

Oxygen carried by blood in 2 ways:

1) 98.5% bound to hemoglobin in RBC’s
- Oxyhemoglobin
- 4 molecules/hemoglobin molecule (8 O2 atoms)
2) dissolved in blood plasma - 1.5%

Question 6

Hypoxia

Answer 6

insufficient O2 delivery to body tissues

Turn blue/purple, hyperventilating

Question 7

why do we breath in and out? (2)

Answer 7

breath in and out bc pressure difference

O2 needed for chemical reactions in the body

Question 8

Gas Transport : Carbon Dioxide

how much produced? how many ways is it transported? what are they?

Answer 8

• Body cells produced 200ml of CO2/min which is equal to amount released by lungs (amount produced, what you put out)
• Blood transports CO2 from tissue cells 3 ways:
  1) 7% CO2 dissolved in plasma
  2) 23% chemically bonded to hemoglobin (carbaminohemoglobin)
  3) 70% as part of a bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in plasma

Question 9

COPD stands for?

Answer 9

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Question 10

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD)

what is it? includes (2)? common symptoms (5)?

Answer 10

Irreversible decrease in ability to force air out of lungs
-Include: Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis
Common Symptoms:
-80% have history of smoking
-Dyspnea- labored breathing, progressively gets worse
-Coughing
-Frequent pulmonary infections
-Respiratory failure- hypoventilation
   -Retain CO2

Question 11

Emphysema

def? what happens? (3) leads to what?

Answer 11

-permanent enlargement of alveoli (stuck being large, why larger lung capacity)
-destruction of alveolar walls
-lungs loose elasticity
-bronchioles open during inspiration- collapse during expiration
-traps large volume of air in alveoli
-leads to “barrel chest”
(taking air in, can’t get it all back out->waste stuck in lung)
(stage 1: smokers cough, 2: cant stop cough 3: O2, 4: get O2 from cells-> stroke)

Question 12

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 12

-Inhaled irritants lead to excessive mucous production
-Mucous membrane in lower respiratory passageways become inflamed
-Obstructive airways
-impairs gas exchange
(ppl who work in chemical factories/ fields)

Question 13

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 13

• Infectious bacterial disease
• Spread by coughing & inhaling infected air
• 1/3 of world’s population is infected
  
  • most ppl don’t develop active TB bc of immune responses
• Symptoms: fever, night sweats, weight loss, racking cough, coughing up blood (last stage of consumption)
• Treatment: 12 months antibiotics

Question 14

what is really bad for these respiratory diseases?

Answer 14

humidity

Question 15

what is most O2 carried by?

Answer 15

hemoglobin

Question 16

what is most CO2 carried by?

Answer 16

bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)