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Honors Anatomy & Physiology > Biochem Terms > Flashcards

Biochem Terms Flashcards

1
Q

function of an Acid

A

used in the digestive system to break down food

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2
Q

example of an Acid

A

hydrochloric acid in gastric juice

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3
Q

What are the 5 molecules of life?

A

carbohydrates, lipids,proteins,nucleic acids, and adenosine triphosphate

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4
Q

how many different lipids are there and what are they?

A 
fatty acids
triglycerides (fats and oils)
phospholipids
steroids 
(and some vitamins)
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5
Q

Function of carbohydrates?*

A

quick and short term energy storage

supple multiple materials to build cell structure

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6
Q

Function of lipids?*

A

supply off energy and make up the outer layer of your cells

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7
Q

Function of fatty acids (lipids)

A

help generate ATP (energy)

help make phospholipids and triglycerides

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8
Q

Function of triglycerides (lipids)

A

chemical energy for the body

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9
Q

Function of phospholipids (lipids)

A

forms cell membrane

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10
Q

Function of steroids (lipids)

A

maintain metabolism & homeostatsis

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11
Q

Function of proteins? *

A 
Structural: skin, connective tissue
Transport: transport O2 (hemoglobin)
Regulatory: hormones 
Immunological: antibodies
Contractile: muscle cell contraction 
Catalytic: enzymes
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12
Q

Function of Nucleic Acids? *

A

control cell activities

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13
Q

Function of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)? *

A

Energy transferring molecule (power all cell activities)

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14
Q

example of ATP

A

muscle contraction

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15
Q

function of amino acids

A

make up muscle and tissue (building block protein), give cells structure and heal wounds

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16
Q

example of amino acid

A

glutamine, leucine (in the blood)

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17
Q

function of a base?

A

neutralizes acids

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18
Q

example of a base

A

blood is slightly basic (pH 7.35-7.45)

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19
Q

function of buffers

A

maintain pH level in the body by regulating acid-base balance

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20
Q

example of buffers

A

blood is used as one to maintain a balanced pH level

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21
Q

function of catalyst

A

speeds up chemical reactions, like digesting food

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22
Q

example of catalyst

A

enzymes in the intestine

23
Q

function of diffusion

A

transport substances, the substance moves from high to low concentration through the plasma membrane

24
Q

example of diffusion

A

digested particles of food diffuse in the colon

25
Q

function of endergonic (endothermic) reaction

A

abosrbs & stores energy until needed

26
Q

example of endergonic (endothermic) reaction

A

Glycolysis, (absorbs energy -> respiration)

27
Q

function of endocytosis

A

vesicle detaches from plasma and moves into cytoplasm to fuse with lysosome and its contents are digested
(particles are taken up by enclosure in a plasma membrane sac)

28
Q

example of endocytosis

A

monocytes engulf bacteria

29
Q

function of enzyme

A

specific molecule that speeds up chemical reactions in cells

30
Q

example of enzyme

A

lipase, breaks down lipids

31
Q

function of exergonic (exothermic) reaction

A

releases energy so it can be used

32
Q

example of exergonic (exothermic) reaction

A

cellular respiration, reaction releases energy that cells use for activities

33
Q

function of exocytosis

A

Type of ATP-activated transport, Moves secretions and other substances out of the cell
-product to be released is packaged into the cesicle by the Golgi and the vesicle spills the sac contents OUT OF THE CELL

34
Q

example of exocytosis

A

pancreatic cells secrete enzymes

35
Q

function of facilitated diffusion

A

diffusion that requires a protein channel/carrier to transport substances through the cell membrane

36
Q

example of facilitated diffusion (type of diffusion)

A

glucose molecules go through this to move in and out of cells

37
Q

function of filtration

A

driven by blood pressure, causes H2O and small molecules to be filtered

38
Q

example of filtration

A

kidneys use filtration to filter waste

39
Q

function of an inorganic molecule (molecule that DOES NOT contains C)

A

medium for metabolic reactions, dissolves waste, and maintains body temp

40
Q

example of an inorganic moloecule

A

Water, NaCl

41
Q

function of ions

A

dissolve in body fluids - electrolytes, which we cannot live without
(this conducts electricity)

42
Q

example of ions

A

HCO3- in the blood (gains e-)

43
Q

function of an organic molecule

A

construction materials, play vital role in cell function and structure

44
Q

example of an organic molecule

A

proteins, carbs, fats (contain C)

45
Q

function of osmosis

A

diffusion of water across the plasma membrane to transport and balance, goes through a semi-permeable membrane, not pores

46
Q

example of osmosis

A

sweat going through skin

47
Q

function of passive transport

A

moves molecules and other substances across membranes w/o energy

48
Q

example of passive transport

A

diffusion, (doesn’t require energy)

49
Q

Function of pH

A

its a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration in the body, acidic or basic

50
Q

Example of pH

A

blood protein levels deep, liver makes more to maintain pH balance

51
Q

function of phagocytosis

A

INGESTION OF SOLID PARTICLES
act as scavenger cells that police and protect the body by ingesting bacteria and foreign debris (solid particles)
(type of endocytosis)

52
Q

example of phagocytosis

A

white blood cells protect the body by ingesting bacteria and other debris

53
Q

function of pinocytosis

A

ENGULFING OF EXTRA-CELLULAR FLUID BY CELLS
routine activity of most cells, cells all in the body “gulp” droplets of extracellular fluid
(type of endocytosis)

54
Q

example of pinocytosis

A

Cells forming the lining of the small intestine

uptake of extra cellular fluids like hormones

Honors Anatomy & Physiology (45 decks)

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