Cardiovascular System Flashcards
how many times does the heart beat per day?
beats 100,000 times per day
blood is pumped through how many miles of blood vessels?
75,000
how many liters of blood is pumped per day.?
pumps 14,000 L per day - more if active
size of heart?
approx. size of human fist
5 1/2 “ long, 3 1/2 “ wide, 2 1/2 “ thick
weight of the heart in oz?
8-10 oz
location of heart
lies in the mediastium area on top of diaphragm
how much of the heart is on the left side of the body?
2/3 of heart mass is left of the body’s midline
what is the tip (bottom) of the heart called?
Apex
pericardium
def? layers?
membrane surrounds & protects heart
consists of 2 layers
-fibrous pericardium
-serous pericardium
-parietal layer
-visceral layerparietal layer consists of ?
pericardial cavity- pericardial fluid
visceral layer
aka?
epicardium
directly attached to organs
fibrous pericardium
description? location? function (3)?
tough, non-elastic, dense irregular connective tissue
attaches to diaphragm
FUNCTION: -prevents overstretching of heart
-protection -anchors heart in cavity
serous pericardium consists of (2)? location of both? contain? description?
parietal layer (outer)
-fused to fibrous pericardium
visceral layer
-tightly adhered to heart
-part of outer heart wall- epicardium
-pericardial cavity
-pericardial fluid (serous fluid)
-reduces friction as heart movesheart wall, how many layers?
3
what are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
epicardium
location? made up of?
external (visceral layer)
- adipose & fibroelastic tissue
- blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, coronary arteries
myocardium
location? made up of? job? description?
middle layer
-95% of heart wall
-cardiac muscle, pumping action
(thickest, actual heart muscle)
endocardium
location? made up of? function?
internal layer
-thin layer endothelium & thin layer of connective
-provides smooth lining of chambers and
covers valves
heart chambers
heart is enclosed in what?
heart enclosed in pericardium (protective sac)
2 receiving chambers
right & left atria (plural for atrium)
2 pumping chambers
right & left ventricles
heart chambers
right vs left side what kind of blood?
right side deals w/ deoxygenated blood
left side takes care of oxygenated blood
heart valves (2)?
atrioventricular (AV) valves
semilunar (SL) valves
atrioventricular (AV) valves function (2)? includes (2)? # for each?
separates atrium from ventricle
-tricuspid valve (right side)
-3 flaps
-bicuspid/mitral valve (left side)
-2 flaps
withstands high pressures from contracting ventriclessemilunar (SL) valves
function? includes (2)? deals with?
separates ventricle from major artery (no strings attached)
- pulmonary valve (right side)
- aortic valve (left side)
- deals w/ smaller volumes of blood
- lowers blood pressure exerted on valves
arteries
def? pulmonary arteries?
blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
pulmonary arteries blue bc deoxygenated blood to lungs, red when come back
veins
blood vessels that carry blood TOWARDS the heart
how’s blood supplied to the heart and how is it drained…into?
heart itself has blood supplied through coronary arteries from the aorta, & drains through coronary sinus into right atrium
which valves have strings attached?
atrioventricular (AV) valves
what does the pulmonary semilunar valve do?
prevents backflow of blood into right ventricle
what does the tricuspid valve do?
prevents backflow of blood into right atrium
what does the interventricular septum do?
separates the right & left ventricles of the heart
what does the aortic semilunar valve do?
prevents backflow of blood into left ventricle
what does the bicuspid (mitral) valve do?
prevents backflow of blood into left atrium
what does the chordae tendineae do?
connects valves to papillary muscles
what do the papillary muscles do?
prevent valve cusps from going into the atria
what does the pericardium do?
pericardium covers and protects the heart
right atrium receives ___ blood from the ____
oxygen-poor blood, body
left atrium receives ____ blood from the ___
oxygen-rich blood, lungs
left ventricle pumps ______ blood to the ____
oxygen-rich blood, body
right ventricle pumps _____ blood to the ___
oxygen-poor blood, lungs
order of heart layers from superficial to deep
fibrous pericardium
parietal layer (of serous pericardium) (contains pericardial cavity)
visceral layer/epicardium (of serous pericardium)
myocardium (heart wall)
endocardium
what does the pericardial cavity reduce friction btwn?
btwn myocardium & pericardium
what does the endocardium do?
lines the inner chambers of the heart
what does the epicardium do?
thin outer layer of the heart (lines organ)
cardiac cells in myocardium
description (3)? gap junctions?
often branched
numerous, large mitochondria
one large nucleus
gap junctions allow ions to pass directly from 1 cell to another to propagate action potentials
intercalated discs dealing w/ cardiac cells in myocardium
thickenings of plasma membrane where 2 cardiac cells come together, they hole the cells together and contain gap junctions
what do coronary blood vessels (arteries, veins) supply and remove?
supply oxygen and nutrients to heart
remove carbon dioxide and other wastes
Systemic circulation (circuit)
- where gas exchange occurs through tissues
- carries blood to the body
- involves Left side of heart
Pulmonary circulation (circuit)
- where gas exchange occurs through lungs
- carries blood to lungs
- involves Right side of heart
what’s the function of the heart
pump blood
arteries carry ____ blood, veins carry ____ blood
arteries carry oxygenated
veins carry deoxygenated
compare right & left side of the heart
right side- deoxygenated blood & pulmonary circuit (involving pulmonary artery)
left side- oxygenated blood & systemic circuit (involving aorta)
heart is actually 2 pumps in 1 casing:
right side= ___ pressure
left side= ____ pressure
right- low pressure
left- high pressure
