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Honors Anatomy & Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

how many times does the heart beat per day?

A

beats 100,000 times per day

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2
Q

blood is pumped through how many miles of blood vessels?

A

75,000

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3
Q

how many liters of blood is pumped per day.?

A

pumps 14,000 L per day - more if active

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4
Q

size of heart?

A

approx. size of human fist

5 1/2 “ long, 3 1/2 “ wide, 2 1/2 “ thick

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5
Q

weight of the heart in oz?

A

8-10 oz

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6
Q

location of heart

A

lies in the mediastium area on top of diaphragm

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7
Q

how much of the heart is on the left side of the body?

A

2/3 of heart mass is left of the body’s midline

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8
Q

what is the tip (bottom) of the heart called?

A

Apex

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9
Q

pericardium

def? layers?

A 
membrane surrounds & protects heart
consists of 2 layers 
-fibrous pericardium
-serous pericardium
     -parietal layer
     -visceral layer
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10
Q

parietal layer consists of ?

A

pericardial cavity- pericardial fluid

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11
Q

visceral layer

aka?

A

epicardium

directly attached to organs

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12
Q

fibrous pericardium

description? location? function (3)?

A

tough, non-elastic, dense irregular connective tissue
attaches to diaphragm
FUNCTION: -prevents overstretching of heart
-protection -anchors heart in cavity

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13
Q 
serous pericardium 
consists of (2)? location of both? contain? description?
A 
parietal layer (outer)
-fused to fibrous pericardium
visceral layer
-tightly adhered to heart
-part of outer heart wall- epicardium 
     -pericardial cavity
          -pericardial fluid (serous fluid)
          -reduces friction as heart moves
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14
Q

heart wall, how many layers?

A

3

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15
Q

what are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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16
Q

epicardium

location? made up of?

A

external (visceral layer)

  • adipose & fibroelastic tissue
  • blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, coronary arteries
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17
Q

myocardium

location? made up of? job? description?

A

middle layer
-95% of heart wall
-cardiac muscle, pumping action
(thickest, actual heart muscle)

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18
Q

endocardium

location? made up of? function?

A

internal layer
-thin layer endothelium & thin layer of connective
-provides smooth lining of chambers and
covers valves

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19
Q

heart chambers

heart is enclosed in what?

A

heart enclosed in pericardium (protective sac)

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20
Q

2 receiving chambers

A

right & left atria (plural for atrium)

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21
Q

2 pumping chambers

A

right & left ventricles

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22
Q

heart chambers

right vs left side what kind of blood?

A

right side deals w/ deoxygenated blood

left side takes care of oxygenated blood

23
Q

heart valves (2)?

A

atrioventricular (AV) valves

semilunar (SL) valves

24
Q 
atrioventricular (AV) valves
function (2)? includes (2)? # for each?
A 
separates atrium from ventricle
-tricuspid valve (right side)
     -3 flaps
-bicuspid/mitral valve (left side)
    -2 flaps
withstands high pressures from contracting ventricles
25
Q

semilunar (SL) valves

function? includes (2)? deals with?

A

separates ventricle from major artery (no strings attached)

  • pulmonary valve (right side)
  • aortic valve (left side)
  • deals w/ smaller volumes of blood
    • lowers blood pressure exerted on valves
26
Q

arteries

def? pulmonary arteries?

A

blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart

pulmonary arteries blue bc deoxygenated blood to lungs, red when come back

27
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood TOWARDS the heart

28
Q

how’s blood supplied to the heart and how is it drained…into?

A

heart itself has blood supplied through coronary arteries from the aorta, & drains through coronary sinus into right atrium

29
Q

which valves have strings attached?

A

atrioventricular (AV) valves

30
Q

what does the pulmonary semilunar valve do?

A

prevents backflow of blood into right ventricle

31
Q

what does the tricuspid valve do?

A

prevents backflow of blood into right atrium

32
Q

what does the interventricular septum do?

A

separates the right & left ventricles of the heart

33
Q

what does the aortic semilunar valve do?

A

prevents backflow of blood into left ventricle

34
Q

what does the bicuspid (mitral) valve do?

A

prevents backflow of blood into left atrium

35
Q

what does the chordae tendineae do?

A

connects valves to papillary muscles

36
Q

what do the papillary muscles do?

A

prevent valve cusps from going into the atria

37
Q

what does the pericardium do?

A

pericardium covers and protects the heart

38
Q

right atrium receives ___ blood from the ____

A

oxygen-poor blood, body

39
Q

left atrium receives ____ blood from the ___

A

oxygen-rich blood, lungs

40
Q

left ventricle pumps ______ blood to the ____

A

oxygen-rich blood, body

41
Q

right ventricle pumps _____ blood to the ___

A

oxygen-poor blood, lungs

42
Q

order of heart layers from superficial to deep

A

fibrous pericardium
parietal layer (of serous pericardium) (contains pericardial cavity)
visceral layer/epicardium (of serous pericardium)
myocardium (heart wall)
endocardium

43
Q

what does the pericardial cavity reduce friction btwn?

A

btwn myocardium & pericardium

44
Q

what does the endocardium do?

A

lines the inner chambers of the heart

45
Q

what does the epicardium do?

A

thin outer layer of the heart (lines organ)

46
Q

cardiac cells in myocardium

description (3)? gap junctions?

A

often branched
numerous, large mitochondria
one large nucleus
gap junctions allow ions to pass directly from 1 cell to another to propagate action potentials

47
Q

intercalated discs dealing w/ cardiac cells in myocardium

A

thickenings of plasma membrane where 2 cardiac cells come together, they hole the cells together and contain gap junctions

48
Q

what do coronary blood vessels (arteries, veins) supply and remove?

A

supply oxygen and nutrients to heart

remove carbon dioxide and other wastes

49
Q

Systemic circulation (circuit)

A
  • where gas exchange occurs through tissues
  • carries blood to the body
  • involves Left side of heart
50
Q

Pulmonary circulation (circuit)

A
  • where gas exchange occurs through lungs
  • carries blood to lungs
  • involves Right side of heart
51
Q

what’s the function of the heart

A

pump blood

52
Q

arteries carry ____ blood, veins carry ____ blood

A

arteries carry oxygenated

veins carry deoxygenated

53
Q

compare right & left side of the heart

A

right side- deoxygenated blood & pulmonary circuit (involving pulmonary artery)
left side- oxygenated blood & systemic circuit (involving aorta)

54
Q

heart is actually 2 pumps in 1 casing:
right side= ___ pressure
left side= ____ pressure

A

right- low pressure

left- high pressure

Honors Anatomy & Physiology (45 decks)

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