Digestive System Review Flashcards
2 main functions of the digestive system
- Mechanical & chemical break down of food
2. Absorption of nutrients by cell membranes
The mouth, esophagus, stomach, large & small intestines make up the ___ ____ of the digestive system
alimentary canal
Alimentary canal aka?
GI tract
The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are the ___ ___ of the digestive system
accessory organs
The layer of the wall of the alimentary canal that is formed of epithelium and protects underlying tissue and allows absorption and secretion is the ___ layer
mucosa
The layer of the alimentary canal that keeps the outer surface moist and slippery is the ___ layer
serosa
The 2 basic types of movement of the alimentary canal are?
- Propelling movements
2. Mixing movements
The salivary glands that secrete amylase are the ___ glands
parotid
There are ___ pairs of salivary glands
3
When food enters the esophagus, it’s transported to the stomach by a movement called __
peristalsis
The area of the stomach that acts as a temporary storage is the ___ region
Fundus
The chief cells of the gastric glands secrete ___
pepsinogen
The digestive enzyme pepsin secreted by the gastric glands begins the digestion of ___
protein (break down proteins)
The semifluid paste formed in the stomach by mixing food and gastric secretions is called ___
chyme
The type of food that stays the longest in the stomach are ___
fatty foods
Pancreatic enzymes travel along the pancreatic duct and empty into the ____ of the small intestine.
duodenum
The function of the gallbladder is to ________
store bile & release bile into small intestine through the common bile duct
What is the function of bile?
Aid in fat digestion (breaks down fat into smaller globules)
The large intestine secretes mainly ___
mucous
The digestive function of the liver is to ___
produce bile to digest fats
The most abundant substance in feces is ___
cellulose
Salivary amylase
breaks down carbohydrates (starch) into disaccharides
Lipase
breaks down fats (into fatty acids and glycerol)
Pepsin
breaks down protein (into polypeptides (begins protein digestion))
Trypsin
breaks down proteins (into polypeptides)
Peptidase
breaks down peptides into amino acids
Nuclease
breaks down nucleic acids
Name 3 functions of the liver
- Maintains carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolisms
- Storage- glycogen, iron, vitamin A, D, K, & B12
- Detoxification of blood (alcohol and drugs)
- Blood filteration- phagocytizes RBC, WBC, some bacteria
- Produces bile (bile salts)
List, in order from pylorus to the colon, the 3 regions of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
List the 4 regions of the stomach
Cardia region
Fundus region
Body region
Pyloric region
Structure that hold together the small intestine from the posterior body wall
mesentary
Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal wall that increase surface area for absorption
villi
mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth & initiates swallowing
tongue
conduit for both air & food
pharynx
no digestive/absorptive function part of the alimentary canal
esophagus
folds of the stomach lining
rugae
‘outpouchings’ of the large intestine
haustra
projections of the plasma membrane of the villi
microvilli
primary region of food and water absorption
small intestine
absorbs water and forms feces
large intestine
wormlike sac that outpockets from the cecum
appendix
initiates protein digestion
stomach
controls food movement from the stomach into the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
region containing 2 sphincters through which feces are expelled
anus
