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Honors Anatomy & Physiology > Digestive System Review > Flashcards

Digestive System Review Flashcards

1
Q

2 main functions of the digestive system

A
  1. Mechanical & chemical break down of food

2. Absorption of nutrients by cell membranes

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2
Q

The mouth, esophagus, stomach, large & small intestines make up the ___ ____ of the digestive system

A

alimentary canal

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3
Q

Alimentary canal aka?

A

GI tract

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4
Q

The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are the ___ ___ of the digestive system

A

accessory organs

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5
Q

The layer of the wall of the alimentary canal that is formed of epithelium and protects underlying tissue and allows absorption and secretion is the ___ layer

A

mucosa

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6
Q

The layer of the alimentary canal that keeps the outer surface moist and slippery is the ___ layer

A

serosa

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7
Q

The 2 basic types of movement of the alimentary canal are?

A
  1. Propelling movements

2. Mixing movements

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8
Q

The salivary glands that secrete amylase are the ___ glands

A

parotid

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9
Q

There are ___ pairs of salivary glands

A

3

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10
Q

When food enters the esophagus, it’s transported to the stomach by a movement called __

A

peristalsis

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11
Q

The area of the stomach that acts as a temporary storage is the ___ region

A

Fundus

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12
Q

The chief cells of the gastric glands secrete ___

A

pepsinogen

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13
Q

The digestive enzyme pepsin secreted by the gastric glands begins the digestion of ___

A

protein (break down proteins)

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14
Q

The semifluid paste formed in the stomach by mixing food and gastric secretions is called ___

A

chyme

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15
Q

The type of food that stays the longest in the stomach are ___

A

fatty foods

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16
Q

Pancreatic enzymes travel along the pancreatic duct and empty into the ____ of the small intestine.

A

duodenum

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17
Q

The function of the gallbladder is to ________

A

store bile & release bile into small intestine through the common bile duct

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18
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

Aid in fat digestion (breaks down fat into smaller globules)

19
Q

The large intestine secretes mainly ___

A

mucous

20
Q

The digestive function of the liver is to ___

A

produce bile to digest fats

21
Q

The most abundant substance in feces is ___

A

cellulose

22
Q

Salivary amylase

A

breaks down carbohydrates (starch) into disaccharides

23
Q

Lipase

A

breaks down fats (into fatty acids and glycerol)

24
Q

Pepsin

A

breaks down protein (into polypeptides (begins protein digestion))

25
Q

Trypsin

A

breaks down proteins (into polypeptides)

26
Q

Peptidase

A

breaks down peptides into amino acids

27
Q

Nuclease

A

breaks down nucleic acids

28
Q

Name 3 functions of the liver

A
  1. Maintains carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolisms
  2. Storage- glycogen, iron, vitamin A, D, K, & B12
  3. Detoxification of blood (alcohol and drugs)
  4. Blood filteration- phagocytizes RBC, WBC, some bacteria
  5. Produces bile (bile salts)
29
Q

List, in order from pylorus to the colon, the 3 regions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

30
Q

List the 4 regions of the stomach

A

Cardia region
Fundus region
Body region
Pyloric region

31
Q

Structure that hold together the small intestine from the posterior body wall

A

mesentary

32
Q

Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal wall that increase surface area for absorption

A

villi

33
Q

mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth & initiates swallowing

A

tongue

34
Q

conduit for both air & food

A

pharynx

35
Q

no digestive/absorptive function part of the alimentary canal

A

esophagus

36
Q

folds of the stomach lining

A

rugae

37
Q

‘outpouchings’ of the large intestine

A

haustra

38
Q

projections of the plasma membrane of the villi

A

microvilli

39
Q

primary region of food and water absorption

A

small intestine

40
Q

absorbs water and forms feces

A

large intestine

41
Q

wormlike sac that outpockets from the cecum

A

appendix

42
Q

initiates protein digestion

A

stomach

43
Q

controls food movement from the stomach into the duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

44
Q

region containing 2 sphincters through which feces are expelled

A

anus

Honors Anatomy & Physiology (45 decks)

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