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Honors Anatomy & Physiology > The Brain (Part of CNS) > Flashcards

The Brain (Part of CNS) Flashcards

1
Q

brain contains

neurons? neuroglia? weight?

A

100 billion neurons
50 trillion neuroglia
3 lbs

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2
Q

4 parts of the brain are…?

A

cerebrum
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum

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3
Q

brain functions? (3)

A

maintain homeostasis through
- sensory input -motor output
make decisions - interpret
integrate & store new information

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4
Q

brain structure

growth? folds? grooves vs folds called?

A

grows more rapidly then skull

  • folds to occupy space- convolutions
    • outward folds (bumps) called gyri (gyrus)
    • shallow grooves called sulci (sulcus)
    • deepest grooves called fissures
      - longitudinal fissure separates cerebral hemispheres (left & right)
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5
Q

cerebrum

description? function?

A

largest part of brain

provides ability to read, write, speak, analyze, memory

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6
Q

cerebrum consists of ?

A

cerebral cortex- outer portion, gray matter
white matter- inner portion
(opposite of spinal cord)

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7
Q

cerebral cortex

size? contains? how is it divided? connected by?

A

2-4 mm thick
billions of neurons
cerebral hemispheres- right & left halves
connected by corpus callosum

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8
Q

corpus callosum

A

IN CEREBRAL CORTEX
band of white matter containing axons that extend btwn hemispheres
connects 2 hemispheres together

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9
Q

lobes of cerebrum

A 
frontal
temporal
occipital
parietal
(all different functions)
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10
Q

cerebrum is all but what?

A

all but the cerebellum

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11
Q

functional areas of the cerebrum (3)

A

sensory areas
motor areas
association areas

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12
Q

sensory areas

do what? involved in what?

A

receive sensory info
involved in perception
-conscious awareness of sensation

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13
Q

motor areas

do what?

A

initiate involuntary movements (heart beat, digestion, breathing)

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14
Q

association areas do what?

A

complex integrative function
-memory, emotions, reasoning, judgement, personality traits, intelligence
(remember like associating word w/ meaning)

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15
Q

sensory areas
location?
contains what areas (5)

A

posterior half of cerebral hemispheres

  • primary somatosensory area
  • primary visual area
  • primary auditory area
  • primary gustatory area
  • primary olfactory area
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16
Q

primary somatosensory area

A

allows you to know the exact points on the body where sensations originate
-pressure, temp., pain, joint & muscle position
(like scratching yourself, you know its on your dorsum)

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17
Q

primary visual area

function?

A

visual information/ visual perception

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18
Q

primary auditory area

function?

A

sound information/auditory perception

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19
Q

primary gustatory area

function?

A

taste information/ taste perception & discrimination

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20
Q

primary olfactory area

function?

A

smell information/ perception & discrimination of odors

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21
Q

Motor areas
location?
contains what areas (2)?

A

anterior part of each cerebral hemisphere

  • primary motor area
  • broca’s area
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22
Q

primary motor area

function?

A

each region controls voluntary contractions of specific muscles or groups of muscles

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23
Q

broca’s area

function? controls what?

A
  • planning & production of speech
    • controls:
      • muscles of pharynx, larynx, mouth
      • breathing muscles to regulate proper flow of air past vocal cords
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24
Q

Association Areas

function? contains what areas (7)?

A

generates meaningful patterns of recognition & awareness

  • Somatosensory Association Areas
  • Visual Association Area
  • Auditory Assocation Area
  • Wernicke’s Area
  • Prefrontal Cortex
  • Premotor Area
  • Frontal Eye Field Area
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25
Q

Somatosensory Association Area

functions? (4)

A
  • integrates & interprets sensations
  • determines shape & texture of objects by touch
  • orientation of 1 object w/ respect to another
  • storage of memories of past somatosensory experiences to compare new w/ old sensations
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26
Q

Visual Association Area

location? function?

A
  • occipital lobe

- relates present & past visual experiences

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27
Q

Auditory Association Area

location? function?

A
  • temporal lobe

- recognize a particular sound as speech, music, or noise

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28
Q

Wernike’s Area

function? location?

A
  • temporal & parietal lobes

- interprets meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words

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29
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

location? function?

A
  • anterior frontal lobe

- makeup of personality, intellect, complex learning activities, recall, judgement, reasoning, intuition, mood

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30
Q

Premotor Area
location?
functions?

A
  • frontal lobe
  • controls learned skilled motor activities (dancing, painting, catching, etc.)
  • memory bank to store specific patterns of movement (like remembering how to catch)
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31
Q

Frontal Eye Field Area

location? function?

A
  • Frontal cortex

- controls voluntary scanning movements of the eyes

32
Q

in the brain, where is your sensory and motor mostly located?

A

sensory- most of the back

motor- most of the front

33
Q

temporal lobe

A

receives auditory information

34
Q

occipital lobe

A

receives visual information

35
Q

parietal lobe

A

receives & associates somatosensory information

36
Q

frontal lobe

A

sends motor output

37
Q

what areas does the temporal lobe include?

A

auditory association area

wernicke’s area

38
Q

what areas does the frontal lobe include?

A 
primary motor area
premotor area
broca's area
frontal eye field area
prefrontal lobe
39
Q

what areas does the parietal lobe include?

A

primary sensory area
primary gustatory area
somatosensory association area
common integrative area

40
Q

steps of CSF circulation

A

1) CSF is produced by the choroid plexus of each ventricle
2) Ependymal cells secrete CSF into ventricles. CSF flows through ventricles & into subarachnoid space via median & lateral apertures. Some CSF flows through central canal of spinal cord.
3) CSF circulates through & araound brain & spinal cord in subarachnoid space.
4) Some CSF is reabsorbed (into blood) in dural venous sinuses via arachnoid villi

41
Q

Outermost covering of brain, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue

A

dura mater

42
Q

innermost covering of brain; delicate & vascular

A

pia mater

43
Q

structures that return CSF to venous blood in dural sinuses

A

arachnoid villi

44
Q

middle meningeal layer; cobweb in structure

A

arachnoid mater

45
Q

outer layer forms the periosteum of the skull

A

dura mater

46
Q

function of olfactory nerve

A

smell

47
Q

function of optic nerve

A

vision

48
Q

function of oculomotor

A

movement of upper eyelid & eyeball

alters lens shape (squinting)

49
Q

function of trochlear

A

movement of eyeball (cross-eyed)

50
Q

function of trigeminal

A

touch, pain, temp sensations (face & jaw muscles, like nose getting cold)
muscles in chewing

51
Q

function of abducens

A

movement of eyeball (look side to side)

52
Q

function of facial nerve

A

taste, touch, pain, & temp

taste buds & muscles in face & scalp) (face expressions

53
Q

function of vestibulocochlear

A

equilibrium hearing

54
Q

function of glossopharyngeal

A

taste touch pain temp monitor BP CO2 & O2 in blood for breathing
swallowing speech saliva

55
Q

function of vagus

A

taste touch pain temp visercal organs in thorax and abdomen

swallowing digestion slowing of heart coughing

56
Q

function of accessory

A

movement of head & shoulders (shrug)

57
Q

function of hypoglossal

A

movement of tongue during speech & swallowing (glossy when you say hi)

58
Q

cranial nerve?

shrugging of shoulders

A

accessory

59
Q

smelling a flower

cranial nerve?

A

olfactory

60
Q

raising eyelids and focusing the lens of the eye for accommodation; constriction of eye pupils
cranial nerve?

A

oculomotor

61
Q

involved in smiling

cranial nerve?

A

facial

62
Q

involved in chewing gum

A

trigeminal

63
Q

listening to music ; sea sickness

A

vestibulocochlear

64
Q

secretion of saliva ; tasting well-seasoned food

A

glossopharyngeal

65
Q

involved in rolling the eyes (3)

A

oculomotor
trochlear
abducens

66
Q

feeling a toothache

A

trigeminal

67
Q

reading the study guide

A

optic

68
Q

major subdivisions of the brain are the _____ and the ____

A

brain stem

cerebellum

69
Q

cavities found in the brain are called?

A

ventricles

70
Q

ventricles contain what?

A

CSF

71
Q

gray matter is composed of what in the brain?

white matter?

A

gray- unmyelinated neurons

white-myelinated (& unmyelinated) neurons

72
Q

convolutions in cerebrum are important because they increase….

A

surface area

73
Q

what does the arachnoid villus do?

A

it reabsorbs CSF into blood

74
Q

define dura mater

A

touch connective tissue covering immediately beneath the skull

75
Q

define arachnoid mater

A

thin fragile web-like tissue through which CSF flows

76
Q

define pia mater

A

extremely thin, inner layer attached to neurons of the brain

Honors Anatomy & Physiology (45 decks)

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