Respiratory Structures & Details Flashcards
(Structure of an alveolus)
Type 2 alveolar cell secretes surfactant
def? what does it do?
phospholipid mixture that prevents alveolus from collapsing and makes the lungs more stretchy
(Structure of an alveolus)
Alveolus
def?
air-filled sac that is the terminal part of the airways
(Structure of an alveolus)
Interstitial space
def?
space btwn cells filled with interstitial fluid
(Structure of an alveolus)
Alveolar cell
def?
thin-walled, squamous epithelial cell that is the site of gas exchange
(Structure of an alveolus)
Alveolar fluid
contains?
contains surfactant
(Structure of an alveolus)
Alveolar macrophage
def/function?
phagocytes that wander through the alveoli and remove dust and debris from alveolar spaces
branching of a bronchial tree (10)
trachea primary bronchi secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducs alveolar sacs alveoli
Trachea
cartilaginous tube that extends from larynx to bronchi. it’s the main airway and is lined w/ mucous membranes that move trapped particles upward to the pharynx
Pleaural membranes
enclose and protect each lung
Pleural cavity
fluid-filled space btwn lungs and pleural membranes that connects the lungs to the thoracic wall
horizontal fissure
separates superior and middle lobes of lung (right only)
oblique fissue
separates middle and inferior lobes of lung (right and left)
left and right bronchi (primary bronchi)
connect trachea with left and right lungs; pulmonary blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter and exit along bronchial passages
secondary and tertiary bronchi
branch from primary bronchi
bronchioles
smaller tubes that branch from tertiary bronchi
cardiac notch
indentation in left lung where heart sits
diaphragm
one of the major respiratory muscles
carina
last line of cartilage before primary bronchi
internal respiration
O2 ? CO2 ?
O2 diffuses from red blood cells into tissues
CO2 diffuses from tissue cells into RBC
(gas exchange btwn systemic capillaries and tissue cells)
external respiration
O2? CO2?
O2 diffuses from alveolus into plasma & red blood cells
CO2 diffuses out of RBC into an alveolus to be exhaled
(gas exchange btwn alveoli and pulmonary capillaries)
partial pressure in atmosphere?
nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide other gases total: 760 mmHg
diaphragm relaxed is? inhaled?
relaxed- arched
inhale- straight
sternocleiodmastoid muscles
raise in sternum during deep inhalations
scalene muscles
elevate the 2 uppermost ribs during deep inhalations
external intercostals
pull up and out on the ribs, thereby contributing to expanding the thoracic cavity during normal breathing
diaphragm
major muscle of inhalation
as it contracts, it descends and flattens, thereby increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
internal intercostal muscles
move the upper ribs downward during forced exhalation
abdominal muscles
COMPRESS ABDOMINAL VISCERA AND FORCE DIAPHRAGM UPWARD DURING FORCED EXHALATION -INTERNAL OBLIQUE -TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS -RECTUS ABDOMINIS (contract when exhale)
external oblique muscles
move the lower ribs downward and inward during forced exhalation
obstructive pulmonary diseases affect what?
diseases?
diseases?
affect the airways and hinder the flow of air asthma COPD Emphysema Chronic bronchitis
restrictive pulmonary diseases affect what?
structure of lungs and limit the capacity of the lungs to expand
pulmonary fibrosis
sarcoidosis
pulmonary edema
