Cardiovascular System Diseases/Disorders Flashcards
Coronary Artery Disease
aka? caused by? what happens? how many ppl does it affect?
1 killer of heart attack
- caused by accumulation of atherosclerosis plaques inside wall of coronary arteries
- reduces blood flow to myocardium
- affects 7 mill. people annually
Atherosclerosis
def?
Progressive disease from accumulative cholesterol (plaques) in large & medium sized arteries
(process of, hereditary)
Stroke
what happens? causes?
small cranial arteriole bursts
causes lack of oxygen in brain- portion of brain cells die
Congestive Heart Failure
what happens? caused by?
loss of pumping efficiency
caused by coronary artery disease, heart attacks, valve disorders
(heart wears out, old age listed)
Aneurysm
what happens? what is possible?
Thin weak section of artery or vein wall that bulges outward
can burst- massive hemorrhage
Arrhythmia
what is it? types (3)?
(heart rate high/low/irregular) irregular heartbeat bradycardia tachycardia supraventricular tachycardia
bradycardia
what is it?
(Arrhythmia)
slow heart rate (50 bpm)
(below 50, worry)
tachycardia
what is it?
(Arrhythmia)
rapid heart rate (over 100 bpm)
supraventricular tachycardia
what is it? where?
(Arrhythmia)
rapid but regular heart rate (160-200 bpm) that starts in the atria
Stenosis
what is it? what happens?
(valves get stiff, don’t open/close easily)
narrowing of heart valve opening
restricts blood flow into chambers
Heart Murmur
what happens? caused by?
(valves don’t close properly, backflow like lubb swish dubb)
‘swishing, clicking, or gurgling’ noise heard before, after, or btwn normal heartbeat sounds
caused by leaky heart valve
Varicose Veins
what it is? due to? causes?
(ppl get this on “standing a lot” jobs)
blood backup & pooling in veins due to weak or damaged valves in veins
causing swelling & twisting of veins @ surface
Fibrillations (3)
Atrial Fibrillation (A fib) Ventricular Fibrillation (V fib) Defibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation (A fib) def?
Asynchronous (not in unison) contractions (300-600 bpm, which is high) so that atrial contraction stops completely
Ventricular Fibrillation (V fib) aka? def?
-Asynchronous (not in unison) contractions in the ventricles so that ventricles quiver rather than contract in a coordinated manner, ventricles stop pumping
-most deadly fibrillation
(blood can’t pump around body)
