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AP Psych 2 > Thinking, Language, and Intelligence 5 > Flashcards

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

language and communication

A

language type of communication but not all communication is language

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2
Q

language criteria

A

productivity, semanticity, displacement

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3
Q

productivity

A

can take words and grammar and say a sentence that has never been heard before
ability to say a new sentence

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4
Q

semanticity

A

taking sound

sound symbolizes thing

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5
Q

displacement

A

talking about something that’s not there, abstract concepts

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6
Q

linguists

A

study of language

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7
Q

chomsky vs skinner

A

chomsky is nature, similarity in language, universal grammar

skinner is nurture, behaviorist, language result of operant conditioning and nurture

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8
Q

motherese (parentese, caregiver speech)

A

how adults speak to little kids

mimic conversation, keep conversational pattern, higher intonation, same in all cultures, shorter sentences

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9
Q

how kids learn language

A

in utero, respond to noise, heart rate up, have preferences for certain noises when born
synaptic pruning, speech discrimination, facial expression

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10
Q

synaptic pruning

A

don’t use synapse, gets pruned away, goes away

babies born with huge amount of synapses, go away when don’t use them

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11
Q

speech discrimination

A

lose ability to hear/make certain phonemes, lose ability to discriminate between phonemes

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12
Q

facial expression

A

babies learn by watching, use lips/mouth as cue, use facial expressions to understand words/moods
what we see overrides what we hear

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13
Q

prelinguistic timeline

A

kids can communicate but don’t have language
1. crying (from birth) (reflexive, not intentional or conscious)
2. cooing (2-3 months), purposeful sounds, without meaning, vowels
3. babbling (4-6 months), add in consonants, repetitive, visible consonants
4. patterned speech (same time as babbling), pick up on patterns, turns, gestures, inflection
ages flexible, mostly for firstborns, later kids pick up language faster because hear it more

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14
Q

linguistic timeline

A

meaning comes in

  1. pre word (around 1 year), overextension
  2. two words
  3. telegraphic (around 2 years)
  4. phoneme production (4.5-6 years), can learn to read and write, can understand jokes, metaphonology
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15
Q

overextension

A

kids have small vocals so they take words they know and overextend, use for variety of things, one word for everything in schema

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16
Q

two words combinations

A

agent + object
agent + action
action + object

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17
Q

overgeneralization

A

overusing grammar rules
use typical form not correct form
I goed not I went

18
Q

metaphonology

A

ability to understand how language works

ability to think about phonemes, etc, tone

19
Q

metacognition

A

thinking about thinking

20
Q

thinking components

A

language, mental images, concepts

21
Q

language

A

big overlap with thinking

22
Q

mental images

A

episodic memories, video/photo in head, all senses

23
Q

concepts

A

interchangeable with schemes, v similar to schemas, mental categories, narrow or broad

24
Q

whorfian hypothesis

A

language shapes how you think

25
Q

problem solving

A

preparation, production, evaluation

26
Q

preparation

A

identify the given facts, separating relevant from prevalent facts, defining the ultimate goal

27
Q

production

A

algorithm, heuristic

28
Q

means-end analysis

A

when path to solution not clear, make steps toward solution bc and reassess at each step

29
Q

analogies

A

comparison between something understand and something don’t understand, take something abstract and confusing and turn it into something more concrete

30
Q

obstacles to problems solving

A

mental set, functional fixedness, confirmation bias, misusing heuristics

31
Q

mental set is

A

component of confirmation bias

32
Q

availability heuristic

A

making assumption based on what is available readily in memory, extremes, stereotypes

33
Q

representativeness heuristic

A

making stereotype based on typical, taking prototype and assuming true for all in schema

34
Q

thurstone

A

7 intelligences/elements of intelligence

can be strong in some and weak in others

35
Q

guilford

A

120 intelligences

theoretically good but practically bad

36
Q

cattell

A

fluid vs crystallized intelligence

37
Q

gardner misconception

A

not learning styles just intelligences

38
Q

aptitude test

A

see what future career/success could/would be

can’t prepare for it, innate

39
Q

achievement test

A

looks at past, what have achieved/learned

can study for

40
Q

all intelligence theorists (from class)

A 
spearman
thurstone
guilford
cattell
gardner
sternberg

AP Psych 2 (56 decks)

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