Social Psych 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

impression formation

A

forming of first knowledge a person has about another person

includes assigning other person to a number of categories and drawing conclusions about what that person is likely to do

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2
Q

primacy effect in impression formation

A

first time people meet someone, they form an impression of that person, often based on physical appearance alone, that persists even though they may later have other contradictory information about that person

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3
Q

social categorization

A

assignment of new person to category/group based on characteristics the new person has in common with other people or groups with whom the perceiver has had prior experience
mostly automatic, not conscious awareness often

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4
Q

stereotype

A

a belief that a set of characteristics is shared by all members of a particular social category

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5
Q

implicit personality theory

A

sets of assumptions that people have about how different types of people, personality traits, and actions are all related and form in childhood

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6
Q

schema

A

mental patterns/groups

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7
Q

attribution

A

the process of explaining both one’s own behavior and the behavior of other people

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8
Q

attribution theory

A

originally developed by header
explains why things happen and why people choose bx explanations they do
external causes and internal causes

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9
Q

situational cause

A

when the cause of behavior is assumed to be from external sources
observed behavior assumed to be caused by situation that exists for person at the time

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10
Q

dispositional cause

A

cause of behavior assumed to come from within the individual
person’s internal personality characteristics that are seen as the cause of the observed behavior

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11
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

tendency for people observing someone else’s actions to overestimate the influence of that person’s internal characteristics on behavior and underestimate the influence of the situation

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12
Q

actor observer bias

A

in explaining our own bx, the tendency to use situational attributions instead of personal
people tend to explain actions of others with dispositional causes rather than looking for outside causes, opposite for self

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13
Q

main takeaway in many studies

A

US is bad (more fundamental attribution errors, more implicit associations) and other countries better, especially in Asia

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14
Q

three main fields in social psych

A

social influence, social cognition, and social interactions

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15
Q

prejudice

A

when a person holds an unsupported and often negative stereotyped attitude about the members of a particular social group

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16
Q

discrimination

A

when prejudicial attitudes cause members of a particular social group to be treated differently than others in situations that call for equal treatment

17
Q

prejudice v discrimination

A

prejudice is attitude, discrimination is bx that results from attitude
discrimination can be controlled/eliminated, but prejudice cannot (as easily, at least)

18
Q

ethnocentrism

A

belief that your culture reigns supreme over all other cultures

19
Q

in group

A

all the people with whom a person identifies

20
Q

out group

A

people who person doesn’t identify with; everyone who’s not in the in groups

21
Q

scapegoat

A

a person or group, typically members of an out group, who serves as the target for the frustrations and negative emotions of members in the in group

22
Q

social cognitive theory

A

using cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world

23
Q

realistic conflict theory (of prejudice)

A

increasing prejudice and discrimination are closely tied to an increasing degree of conflict between the in group and out group when those groups are seeking a common resource

24
Q

iowa jane elliot eyes experiment

A

blue eyes rule then brown eyes rule show kids about discrimination

25
Q

social identity theory

A

three processes responsible for formation of a person’s identity within a particular social group and the attitudes, concepts, and behavior that go along with identification with that group
social categorization, identification, and social comparison

26
Q

social categorization

A

people assign themselves to social categories to help determine how they should behave

27
Q

identification

A

formation of social identity

28
Q

social identity

A

the part of the self concept that includes the view of oneself as a member of a particular social group within the social category (typically the in group)

29
Q

social comparison

A

festinger’s concept

people compare themselves favorably to others to improve their own self esteem

30
Q

stereotype vulnerability

A

the effect that a person’s knowledge of another’s stereotyped opinions can have on that person’s behavior
could cause them to fit stereotype

31
Q

self fulfilling prophecy

A

effect that expectations can have on outcomes

32
Q

stereotype threat

A

members of a stereotyped group are made anxious and wary of any situation in which their behavior might confirm a stereotype

33
Q

intergroup contact

A

best way to learn about others

having direct contact with others and having the opportunity to see them as people rather than outsiders

34
Q

equal status contact

A

all in same situation, with neither group holding power over the other
shown to reduce prejudice and discrimination, along with ongoing, positive, cooperation

35
Q

jigsaw classroom

A

students have to work together to reach a specific goal
each student given piece of the puzzle aka info necessary for solving the problem and reaching the goal
interaction between diverse groups increased