Sensation and Perception 6 Flashcards
perceptual set/perceptual expectancy
tendency to perceive things a certain way because their previous experience for expectations influence them
can be good but can also be bad
top-down processing
use of preexisting knowledge to organize individual features into unified whole
form of perceptual expectancy
bottom-up processing
analysis of smaller features and building up to a complete perception
no expectancy to help organize perception, more difficult
devil’s trident
euro and north am = make it 3d because tech oriented, but impossible
people in less tech oriented cultures = little difficulty seeing or reproducing figure bc see it as 2d
extrasensory perception
claim of perception that occurs without use of normal sensory channels such as sight, hearing, touch, taste, or smell
psychics = claim to have abilities
parapsychology
rhine
scientific study of ESP, ghosts, and all things that don’t normally fall into realm of ordinary psychology
zener cards with shapes on them, see if psychic can accurately guess shape
three abilities psychics supposed to have
telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition
telepathy
claimed ability to read another person’s thoughts
mind reading
clairvoyance
supposed ability to see things that aren’t actually present
see lost objects or people by touching objects associated with people in question
precognition
supposed ability to know something in advance of its occurrence or to predict future event
ganzfeld experiment
receiver in room, ping pong ball goggles, earphones w white noise, sender tries to mentally send image, but ESP not proven yet
synesthesia
screwed up senses, hear colors, see taste, etc
one theory = coding= brain sends signals to wrong area of brain or cross wiring
sensory reduction
filter info, neurons don’t even pass signal song
selective attention = ADHD, brain pays attention to one thing, ignores other things
change blindness
don’t see changes in environment
hearing extra
aka audition
more hair cells stimulated = louder
have two ears so can hear direction
7 primary smells
ethereal, camphoraceous, musky, floral, minty, pungent, putrid
smell is different bc
olfactory bulbs not thalamus, right to amygdala
most closely connected to memories and emotions
v good retrieval cue
makes difference on what flavor taste
sensation
bottom up processing
raw info
sensory organs
start with sensory info, break things down, sensation first, look at component and raw sensory data
perception
top down processing
start with big picture, start with what already know, perception first, use brain to make assumptions from big picture
perceptual set
all background/prior experience, influences how view something
expectations, prior knowledge, situation, age, culture, emotion
see what expect to see
everyone has different perceptual set
perceptual set goes back to
priming and which schemas are activated
top down processing etc
helps make sense of world, speeds up navigation of world
heuristic to process world faster so doesn’t always work
puts you a split second ahead so can navigate world
stroop effect
color words in different colors, brain jumps in, top down processing, hard to say correct color
supposed to do bottom up but can’t override it
tug of war between top down and bottom up
