States of Consciousness 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

nightmares

A

bad dreams

kids spend more time in it

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2
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

brain mechanisms that normally inhibit the voluntary muscles fail
person can thrash around and get up and act out nightmares
usually men over 60, can be others

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3
Q

night terrors

A

more likely in kids
state of panic experienced while sound asleep
sit up, move, feel can’t breathe, don’t remember often

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4
Q

differences between nightmares and night terrors

A

nightmares usually vividly remembered when waking
nightmares occur during REM sleep but night terrors occur in NREM
people don’t move in nightmares

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5
Q

sleepwalking/somnambulism

A

20% of population, partially due to heredity
more common in childhood and in boys
most don’t remember
if prevent sleep loss can help prevent sleepwalking

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6
Q

insomnia

A

inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep
psychological and physiological causes

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7
Q

help for insomnia

A

go to bed only when sleepy
don’t do anything in bed except sleep (classical conditioning, bed cue for sleep)
keep regular sleep schedule
don’t take sleeping pills or drugs that slow down nervous system

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8
Q

sleep apnea

A

person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more
when breathing stops, sudden silence then gasping sound
snoring
don’t awake (many) but don’t get good rest
wear nasal opening device, lose weight, nasal spray, CPAP, surgery

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9
Q

continuous positive airway pressure

A

for sleep apnea

device that delivers continuous stream of air under mild pressure

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10
Q

uvula

A

surgery to get this (and some of surrounding soft tissues) removed helps with sleep apnea
little flap that hangs down at back of throat

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11
Q

baby apnea

A

due to immaturity of brain stem
placed on monitors that sound alarm when breathing stops
associated with SIDS, not causation

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12
Q

narcolepsy

A

sleep seizure
person may slip suddenly into REM sleep during the day, especially when experience strong emotions
excessive daytime sleepiness, fall asleep in bad times and places
cataplexy

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13
Q

cataplexy

A

sudden loss of muscle tone

symptom of narcolepsy

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14
Q

freud dreams

A

thought unconscious mind and childhood memories appeared in dreams
believe conflicts, events, and desires of the past represented in symbolic form in the dreams
dreams = wish fulfillment

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15
Q

manifest content

A

actual dream itself

freud

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16
Q

latent content

A

true meaning of dream

hidden, expressed only in symbols

17
Q

dreams product of activity in the

A

pons
pons inhibits neurotransmitters that allow movement of voluntary muscles while sending random signals to areas of cortex that interpret vision, hearing, etc

18
Q

activation-synthesis hypothesis

A

dream merely another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep
less realities because comes not from outside reality but from people’s memories and experiences of past
frontal lobes shut down so unrealistic dreams

19
Q

activation-information-mode model (AIM)

A

hobson
information that is accessed during waking hours can have influence on synthesis of dreams
aka when brain making up dream to explain own activation, uses meaningful bits of person’s recent experiences

20
Q

what do people dream about

A

events that occur in everyday life
gender, hormonal/genetic, sociocultural influences, or combo
men = dream about men, aggression, unfamiliar, tools, sex
women = men and women, victims, familiar, personal/family

21
Q

hypnosis

A

state of consciousness in which person especially susceptible to suggestion
only works if willing to be hypnotized

22
Q

steps in hypnotic induction

A
  1. hypnotist tells person to focus on what is being said
  2. person told to relax and feel tired
  3. hypnotist tells person to let go and accept suggestions easily
  4. person told to use vivid imagination
23
Q

brain hypnotizing

A

highly hypnotizable people have more active areas associated with decision making and attention

24
Q

hypnotic susceptibility

A

degree to which person is good hypnotic subject

ordered suggestions

25
Q

basic suggestion effect

A

tendency to act as though behavior is automatic and out of control
gives people excuse to do things might not otherwise do because burden of responsibility on hypnotist
subject hypnotizes self, can’t be hypnotized against will

26
Q

dissociation

A

splitting of conscious awareness

27
Q

hilgard theory

A

believe hypnosis work only on immediate conscious mind of person while part of mind (hidden observer) remains aware of all that was going on
arms in ice study = subjects feel no pain, deny it

28
Q

social-cognitive theory of hypnosis

A

experiment, participants asked to behave as if were hypnotized, could do what hypnotized people could
assumes people who are hypnotized are not in altered state but are merely playing role expected of them in situation, may believe hypnotized, social roles