States of Consciousness 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness

A

your awareness of everything that is going on around you and inside your own head at any given moment, which you use to organize your behavior, including your thoughts, sensations, and feelings

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2
Q

waking consciousness

A

most of time awake spent here

thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized, feel alert

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3
Q

altered state of consciousness

A

occurs when there is a shift in quality or pattern of mental activity, thoughts fuzzy, disoriented, or more alert
divide awareness

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4
Q

biological rhythms

A

natural cycles of activity that the body must go through
different lengths
most obvious = sleep-wake cycle

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5
Q

circadian rhythm

A

cycle that takes about a day to complete

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6
Q

hypothalamus

A

tiny section of brain that influences glandular system

controls sleep-wake cycle

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7
Q

melatonin

A

hormone normally secreted by pineal gland
release of it influenced by suprachiasmatic nucleus
helps people know when to sleep and fall asleep
helps with metabolism and shift workers

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8
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

in hypothalamus
influences release of melatonin
internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep
sensitive to changes in light, as daylight fades, tells pineal gland to secrete melatonin, tells pineal gland to stop secreting melatonin when daylight begins

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9
Q

jet lag

A

body’s circadian rhythm has been disrupted by traveling to another time zone

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10
Q

neurotransmitters involved in sleep

A

serotonin-producing neurons most active during wakefulness

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11
Q

body temperature sleep relationship

A

higher the body temp, more alert

when asleep, lowest body temp

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12
Q

SCN research clock

A

SCN may be responsible for resetting body’s biological clock to 24 hour cycle every day

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13
Q

microsleeps

A

brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only seconds

when people don’t sleep for a while

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14
Q

sleep deprivation

A

loss of sleep
serious problem, important for memory and clear thinking, mental and physical functioning, form new memories, emotional well-being

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15
Q

adaptive theory of sleep

A

sleep is a product of evolution
animals and humans evolved different sleep patterns to avoid being present during their predators’ normal hunting times, typically at night
nocturnal animals can sleep during day because sleep high in trees

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16
Q

restorative theory of sleep

A

sleep necessary to physical health of body

during sleep, chemicals replenished and cellular damage repaired and brain plasticity enhanced

17
Q

which sleep theory correct

A

both
adaptive explains why people sleep when they do
restorative explains why people need to sleep

18
Q

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

A

relatively psychologically active type of sleep
most dreaming takes place
voluntary muscles inhibited (move v little)

19
Q

non-REM (NREM) sleep

A

lighter to deeper, more restful sleep

body free to move around

20
Q

beta waves

A

very small and very fast

wide awake and mentally active

21
Q

alpha waves

A

slightly larger and slower

appear as person relaxes and gets drowsy

22
Q

theta waves

A

eventually replace alpha waves

even slower and larger

23
Q

N1 (R and K stage 1)

A

light sleep
if awakened, don’t believe were asleep
experience hypnogogic images or hallucinations
hypnic jerk

24
Q

hypnogogic images/hallucinations

A

vivid visual events in N1/light sleep

alien abductions, ghosts, etc

25
Q

hypnic jerk

A

when knees, legs, or whole body gives a big jerk when drifting off to sleep
could be that relaxation of muscles as one drifts into sleep causes falling sensation and body jerks awake to prevent fall from hypothetical tree (evolutionary)

26
Q

N2 (R and K stage 2)

A

sleep spindles
body temp drops, heart rate slows, breathing more shallow and irregular
sleep spindles occur
theta waves, if awakened know were asleep

27
Q

sleep spindles

A

brief bursts of activity lasting only a second or two

stage 2

28
Q

N3 (R and K stages 3 and 4)

A

delta waves
deepest sleep, slow wave sleep (SWS)
growth hormones released from pituitary gland and reach peak
body at lowest level of functioning
very hard to awaken, disoriented, kids sleep deeper and harder to wake up

29
Q

delta waves

A

slowest and largest waves

appear in third stage of sleep

30
Q

R (R and K REM)

A

in N3, then N2, then body temperature increases, eyes move rapidly under the eyelids, heart faster, beta waves
paradoxical sleep
90% of dreams occur here, more detailed and bizarre than NREM dreams (which are more like common thoughts)
sleep paralysis in REM

31
Q

sleep paralysis

A

body unable to act upon dreams in normal conditions because voluntary muscles are paralyzed

32
Q

purpose of REM vs NREM

A

REM: emotionally stressful day, way of dealing with stresses of day
NREM: physically exhausting day, recovery of body

33
Q

REM rebound

A

if deprived of REM sleep (ex by sleeping pills or other depressant drugs), person will experience greatly increased amounts of REM sleep the next night

34
Q

REM myth

A

people deprived of REM sleep will become paranoid, seemingly mentally ill from lack of REM sleep
FAKE

35
Q

baby vs adult REM

A

babies = 50% of time in REM, adults = 20%
babies can move around in REM sleep
babies not dreaming but forming new connections connections between neurons