Social Psych 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychology

A

the scientific study of how a person’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings influence and are influenced by social groups

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2
Q

social influence

A

when the presence of other people directly or indirectly influences the behavior, feelings, and thoughts of each individual

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3
Q

conformity

A

changing one’s own behavior to more closely match the actions of others

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4
Q

asch’s study on conformity

A

subjects see lines, say which is most similar to original line, people conformed to wrong answers
more conformity when more confederates, less when write answer separately, less when one confederate give right answer
more conformity in time of study and in US

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5
Q

normative social influence

A

the need to act in ways that we feel will let us be liked and accepted by others

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6
Q

informational social influence

A

take cues for how to behave from other people when we are in a situation that is not clear or is ambiguous

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7
Q

groupthink

A

occurs when people within a group feel it is more important to maintain the group’s cohesiveness than to consider the facts realistically
make bad decisions

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8
Q

symptoms of groupthink

A

invulnerability, rationalization, lack of introspection, stereotyping, pressure, lack of disagreement, self-deception, insularity

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9
Q

group polarization

A

tendency for members involved in a group discussion to take somewhat more extreme positions and suggest riskier actions when compared to individuals who have not participated in group discussion
due to normative and informational

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10
Q

social facilitation

A

the positive influence of others on performance

presence if others increases arousal

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11
Q

social impairment

A

the negative influence of others on performance

presence of others increases arousal

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12
Q

social loafing

A

people who are lazy tend not to do as well when other people are also working on the same task, but can do quite well when working alone
easier to hide laziness and get good results when in group

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13
Q

deindividuation

A

the lessening of the sense of personal identity and personal responsibility when people are gathered in a group
act more impulsively because lose identity

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14
Q

consumer psychology

A

devoted to figuring out how to get people to buy things that someone is selling

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15
Q

compliance

A

occurs when people change their behavior as a result of another person or group asking or directing them to change
person asking for change typically doesn’t have any real authority

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16
Q

obedience

A

compliance when there is a power imbalance/authority figure

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17
Q

foot in the door technique

A

when compliance with a smaller request is followed by a larger request
people more likely to say yes to both because have already said yes and want to be consistent

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18
Q

door in the face technique

A

larger request comes first, refused, then smaller and more reasonable request that often gets compliance

19
Q

lowball technique

A

common in sales
once a commitment is made, the cost of that commitment is increased
ex buying a car, initially see only down payment, then gas, taxes, warranties, etc

20
Q

cult

A

any group of people with a particular religious or philosophical set of beliefs and identity

21
Q

cult common association definition

A

a group of people whose religious or philosophical beliefs and behavior are so different from that of mainstream organizations that they are viewed with suspicion and seen as existing on the fringes of socially acceptable behavior

22
Q

obedience

A

changing one’s behavior at the direct order of an authority figure

23
Q

milgram’s research

A

memory test, shocked when wrong answer, voltage goes up
when want to stop but told by white coat person must continue, most continue
65% went all the way

24
Q

social cognition

A

focuses on the ways in which people think about other people and how those cognitions influence behavior toward those other people

25
Q

attitude

A

a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain idea, person, object, or situation
developed through experiences
can affect way behave toward things
can affect how people view things before exposed to them
not born with them

26
Q

abc model of attitudes

A

affective component, behavior component, cognitive component

27
Q

affective component

A

the way a person feels toward the object, person, or situation
emotional component

28
Q

behavior component

A

action that a person takes in regard to the person, object, or situation

29
Q

cognitive component

A

the way a person thinks about him or herself, an object, or a situation
thoughts
include beliefs and ideas about the focus of the attitude

30
Q

ways of attitude formation

A
direct contact
direct instruction
interaction with others
vicarious conditioning (observational learning)
31
Q

persuasion

A

the process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument, pleading, or explanation

32
Q

important factors in seeing how influential the persuasion will be

A

source, message, target audience, medium

33
Q

source

A

communicator = giving message

give more weight to people perceived as experts, trustworthy, attractive, similar, etc

34
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

assumed that people either elaborate (add details and information) based on what they hear (the facts of the message) or they do not elaborate at all, preferring to pay attention to the surface characteristics of the message (length, communicator, attractive, etc)

35
Q

central route processing

A

people attend to the content of the message

36
Q

peripheral route processing

A

style of information processing that relies on peripheral cues (cues outside of the message content itself), ex expertise of message source, length, etc
don’t pay attention to message itself

37
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

when people find themselves doing or saying things that don’t match their idea of themselves
experience an emotional discomfort and physiological arousal

38
Q

dissonance

A

inconsistency or lack of agreement

39
Q

three ways to reduce cognitive dissonance

A
  1. change conflicting bx to match attitude
  2. change current conflicting cognition to justify bx
  3. form new cognitions to justify bx
40
Q

festinger study

A

people given $20 or $1 to lie about boring activity being fun, people given $20 had less cog dissonance because understood why lying
people given $1 lie better and convinced selves fun bc had cog dissonance bc couldn’t understand why lying for $1

41
Q

bem’s self perception theory

A

instead of experiencing negative tension, people look at their own actions and then infer their attitudes from those actions

42
Q

areas of brain involved in cog dissonance

A

left frontal cortex particularly active when people have made a decision that reduces dissonance and then acted on that decision

43
Q

cog disso yale

A

evidence for cog disso in 4 year old humans and monkeys