Thinking, Language, and Intelligence 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

language

A

system for combining symbols (such as words) so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others
also to represent own internal mental activity
important part of thinking

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2
Q

parts of language

A

grammar phonemes morphemes syntax semantics pragmatics

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3
Q

grammar

A

the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language

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4
Q

chomsky

A

humans have innate ability to understand and produce language through LAD (language acquisition device)
complexities of grammar wired in to brain

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5
Q

LAD

A

language acquisition device

innate program that contained a schema for human language

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6
Q

phonemes

A

basic units of sound in a language

different sounds in different languages

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7
Q

morphemes

A

the smallest units of meaning within a language

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8
Q

syntax

A

system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences

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9
Q

semantics

A

rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences

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10
Q

pragmatics

A

the practical aspects of communicating with others
social niceties of language
knowing social cues, gestures, ways ti speak to different people, etc

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11
Q

intonation

A

knowing what rhythm and emphasis to use when communicating with others
part of pragmatics

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12
Q

piaget

A

concepts precede and aid development of language
concepts are pegs on which language is hung
child less egotistic and collective monologue reduced

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13
Q

collective monologue

A

kids talk to themselves even when playing with another kid

kids talk about something unrelated to speech of the other

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14
Q

vygotsky

A

language actually helped develop concepts
language could help child learn t control behavior including social behavior
word help form concept
egocentric speech of preschooler way to form thoughts and organic actions to obtain goals

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15
Q

evidence

A

vygotsky correct

kids use more private speech when learning how to socialize with other kids or when working on difficult task

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16
Q

linguistic relativity hypothesis

A

sapir-whorf hypothesis
assumes that the thought processes and concepts within any culture are determined by the words of the culture
thought processes and concepts are controlled by/relative to language
words people use determine much of way in which think about world around them

17
Q

sapir and whorf sneaks

A

say inuit were example but actually not true

no studies as proof

18
Q

cognitive universalism

A

concepts are universal and influence the development of language
more recent
against linguistic relativity

19
Q

bird study

A

kids shown flamingo and bat, how eat food, flamingo mashed, asked how blackbird feeds baby, kids who were told flamingo was a bird said mashed up

20
Q

influence of language on

A

problem solving, cognition, and memory

21
Q

animals can

A

communicate but not use language

animal gestures instinctual not deliberate and voluntary

22
Q

kanzi

A

chimpanzee, learned symbols through observation, understand english words
four sounds for banana, grapes, juice, and yes