Research and Stats (Two) Flashcards

1
Q

statistics

A

the field that gives tools to collect and analyze data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sample

A

a group of people selected, usually randomly, from a larger population of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

statistics

A

the branch of math that is concerned with the collection and interpretation of data from samples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

descriptive statistics

A

a way of organizing numbers and summarizing them so that they can be understood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

two main types of descriptive stats

A

measures of central tendency

measures of variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

measures of central tendency

A

used to summarize the data and give one score that seems typical of sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

measures of variability

A

used to indicate how spread out the data are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

frequency distribution

A

table or graph that shows how often different numbers or scores appear in a particular set of scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

histogram

A

a common graph, bar graph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

polygon

A

a line graph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal curve

A

common frequency distribution

unimodal, symmetric, bell curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

skewed

A

when distribution isn’t even on both sides of a central score with the highest frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

skewed distribution

A

positively or negatively skewed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

negatively skewed

A

concentration in high end (skewed left)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

positively skewed

A

concentration in low end (skewed right)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bimodal distributions

A

two modes, two high points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

measure of central tendency

A

number that best represents the central part of a frequency distribution
mean, median, mode

18
Q

mean

A

arithmetic average of a distribution of numbers
good when normal/low standard deviation
not resistant so not good with outliers

19
Q

outlier

A

values that are extreme and therefore distort accuracy

20
Q

median

A

score that falls in the middle of an ordered distribution
half of scores above, half below
resistant

21
Q

mode

A

most common value

simplest measure

22
Q

bimodal

A

has two modes

23
Q

skewed distributions what happens to mean median mode

A

mean pulled in direction of tail, mode highest point, median in middle of two

24
Q

if bimodal what use

A

none do much good

25
measures of variability
used to discover how spread out the scores are from each other
26
range
difference between highest and lowest score | not resistant so not good to use when there are outliers
27
standard deviation
square root of average deviation of scores from mean | smaller is better
28
empirical rule
68 in 1, 95 in 2, 99.7 in 3
29
z score
how many standard deviations you are away from the mean | (x - mean)/standard deviation
30
inferential statistics
allows researchers to draw conclusions or make inferences about results of research and about whether results are only true for specific group involved in study or whether results can be applied to or generalized to the larger population tells how much confidence should have in relationship
31
statistically significant
a way to test differences to see how likely those differences are to be real and not just caused by the random variations in behavior that exist everywhere
32
t test
a formula that results in a single number t that evaluates the probability that the difference between the two group means is due to pure chance or luck probability symbolized by letter p
33
p meanings
if p > 0.05 then not valid | if p less than or equal to 0.05 then can draw conclusions from data
34
significant difference
a difference thought not to be due to chance
35
tests
``` t test (determines if two means are different from each other) f test or analysis of variance chi square ```
36
f test or analysis of variance
determines if three or more means are different from each other can evaluate more than one independent variable at a time
37
chi square
compares frequencies of proportions between groups to see if they are different
38
basic research
research to collect data not to solve problem
39
applied research
research trying to solve problem, psychology is mainly applied research
40
ethnocentrism
belief that groups you're part of are better/more favorable