Disorders and Therapy 1

Question 1

psychopathology

Answer 1

the study of abnormal bx and psychological dysfunction

Question 2

medical model

Answer 2

how modern day psychological disorders are viewed
so that can be diagnosed according to various symptoms
have etiology (origin), course, and prognosis

Question 3

situational context

Answer 3

social or environmental setting of a person’s behavior

can make a difference in how bx or thinking labeled

Question 4

subjective discomfort

Answer 4

emotional distress while engaging in a particular bx or thought process
sign of abnormality

Question 5

maladaptive

Answer 5

sign of abnormality
person finds it hard to adapt to the demands of day to day living
may initially help cope but has harmful effects

Question 6

abnormal questions criteria

Answer 6

is thinking or bx unusual
does thinking or bx go against social norms
does bx or psychological function cause person significant subjective discomfort
is thought process or bx maladaptive or result in inability to function
does thought process or bx cause person to be dangerous to self or others

Question 7

psychological disorder

Answer 7

any pattern of bx that causes people significant distress, causes them t harm themselves or others, or harms their ability to function in daily life

Question 8

insanity/insanity defense

Answer 8

legal term used to argue that mentally ill person who has committed crime shouldn’t be held responsible for actions bc wasn’t able to understand difference between right and wrong at the time

Question 9

biological model

Answer 9

proposes that psychological disorders have biological or medical cause
faulty neurotransmitters, genetic problems, brain damage, etc

Question 10

psychodynamic view

Answer 10

disordered thinking and bx is result of repressing threatening thoughts, memories, and concerns in unconscious mind
disordered functioning bc thoughts repressed

Question 11

behaviorism view

Answer 11

disordered bx learned, can unlearn

Question 12

cognitive psychologists

Answer 12

study way people think, remember, and mentally organize info

see maladaptive functioning as resulting from illogical thinking patterns

Question 13

sociocultural perspective

Answer 13

abnormal thinking or bx is product of behavioral shaping within context of family influences, social groups, and culture

Question 14

cultural relativity

Answer 14

need to consider unique characteristics of culture in which person w disorder was nurtured to be able to correctly diagnose and treat the disorder

Question 15

culture-bound symptoms

Answer 15

disorders unique to specific cultures previously referred to as this
change to cultural syndromes, cultural idioms of distress, and cultural explanations or perceived cause

Question 16

cultural syndromes

Answer 16

may or may not be recognized as illness within culture but are nonetheless recognizable as distinct set of symptoms or characteristics of distress

Question 17

cultural idioms of distress

Answer 17

terms or phrases used to describe suffering or distress within given cultural context

Question 18

cultural explanations

Answer 18

culturally defined ways of explaining the source or cause of symptoms or illness

Question 19

biopsychosocial model

Answer 19

combines biological, social, and psychological influences

Question 20

DSM

Answer 20

5th edition

describes criteria for mental illnesses and how to diagnose and examples

Question 21

how common are psychological disorders

Answer 21

26.2% of american adults over 18

many have multiple disorders

Question 22

rosenhan study

Answer 22

normal people act like have schizophrenia and say hear voices but then once admitted act perfectly normal, took a long time to get out of hospital, shows dangers of labels

Question 23

anxiety disorders

Answer 23

disorders in which most dominant symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety
anxiety is maladaptive, excessive, unrealistic

Question 24

free-floating anxiety

Answer 24

anxiety that seems to be unrelated to any realistic and specific, known factor, often symptom of anxiety disorder

Question 25

phobia

Answer 25

irrational, persistent fear of something

Question 26

social anxiety disorder

Answer 26

aka social phobia
fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation
one of most common phobias

Question 27

specific phobia

Answer 27

irrational fear of some object or specific situation
claustrophobia = fear of small, enclosed spaces
acrophobia = fear of heights

Question 28

agoraphobia

Answer 28

fear of being in place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong
anxiety present in more than one situation

Question 29

panic attack

Answer 29

sudden onset of extreme panic with various physical symptoms: racing heart, rapid breathing, sensation of being out of body, dulled hearing and vision, sweating, dry mouth
similar to heart attack feeling
think dying, state of terror

Question 30

panic disorder

Answer 30

when panic attacks occurs more than once or repeatedly and cause persistent worry or changes in bx

Question 31

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 31

excessive anxiety and worries occur more days than not for at least 6 months
free-floating anxiety
worry a ton, physical symptoms

Question 32

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 32

intruding thoughts that occur again and again (obsessions) are followed by some repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental acts (compulsions)
compulsions meant to lower anxiety caused by thought

Question 33

acute stress disorder

Answer 33

symptoms immediately after event, anxiety, dissociative, recurring nightmares, flashbacks, etc for as long as 1 month following event
from exposure to significant and traumatic stressors

Question 34

post traumatic stress disorder

Answer 34

when symptoms associated with ASD last longer than a month
can develop PTSD from ASD
symptoms may not occur until 6 months or later after event
perceive world around them differently

Question 35

magnification

Answer 35

tendency to make mountains out of molehills by interpreting situations as being far more harmful, dangerous, or embarrassing than they actually are
cause of anxiety disorders

Question 36

all-or-nothing thinking

Answer 36

person believes performance must be perfect or result will be total failure
cause of anxiety disorders

Question 37

overgeneralization

minimization

Answer 37

single negative event interpreted as never-ending pattern of defeat

giving little or no emphasis to one’s successes or positive events and traits

Question 38

biological bases

Answer 38

genetic, runs in families

amygdala more active in people with anxiety

Question 39

ataque de nervios

TKS (taijin kyofusho)

Answer 39

latin america, person has fits of crying, shouting, aggressive after stressful events

japan, excessive fear and anxiety that will do something embarrassing in public