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LC Biology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 2 systems that coordinate the body enabling it to respond to stimuli

A

the endocrine+ nervous systems

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2
Q

differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system

A

Nervous:
electrochemical message
carried in neurons
fast-acting
short term effects

endocrine
chemical message
carried in blood
slow acting
long lasting effects

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3
Q

how many sections does the NS have

A

2

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4
Q

what does CNS stand for

A

central nervous system

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5
Q

what does PNS stand for

A

peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

what the CNS composed of

A

brain + spinal cord

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7
Q

how does the PNS work

A

carries messages between CNS + body

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8
Q

what is a neuron

A

a nerve cell

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9
Q

what do neurons do

A

carry electrochemical messages between CNS + PNS

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10
Q

what are the steps involved in responding to stimuli

A

Reception
transmission
integration
response

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11
Q

reception

A

stimulus is detected by sense organs

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12
Q

transmission

A

message passes alongs neurons to CNS

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13
Q

integration

A

message is sorted + response is decided in CNS

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14
Q

response

A

carried out by effector muscles stimulated by neurons

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15
Q

what does a sensory neuron do?

A

carries messages from sense organ to the CNS

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16
Q

what does a motor neuron do?

A

carries messages form the CNS to a muscle or gland

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17
Q

what does an interneuron do?

A

carries messages between sensory and motor neurons

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18
Q

function of cell body

A

contains nucleus and mitochondria
produces neurotransmitters

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19
Q

function of nucleus

A

control centre

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20
Q

function of dendrites

A

fibres that receive and carry impulse to the cell body

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21
Q

function of axons

A

carry impulse away from cell body

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22
Q

function of schwann cells

A

produce myelin sheath

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23
Q

function of myelin sheath

A

insulates electrical impulse
speeds up impulse

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24
Q

function of neurotransmitter swellings

A

release neurotransmitter to carry impulse across synapse

25
Q

impulse

A

electrochemical message carried in neurons

26
Q

movement of nerve impulse

A

inside of a neuron is positively charged and outside is negative. as the impulse passes through the axon, the charge changes and then changes back after the impulse has passed through

27
Q

resting neuron

A

neuron not carrying an impulse

28
Q

threshold

A

is the minimum stimulation required to send a message along a neuron

29
Q

the all or nothing law

A

states that is the threshold is reached an impulse is carried but if the threshold is not reached no impulse is carried

30
Q

refractory period

A

the short time length after an impulse passes through to allow the neuron to recover so that another impulse can pass through

31
Q

synapse

A

region between 2 neurons

32
Q

synaptic cleft

A

tiny gap between neurons give

33
Q

give an example of a neurotransmitter

A

dopamine

34
Q

neurotransmitter

A

a chemical that carries a nerve message across a synapse

35
Q

give a detailed account of how neurotransmitters work

A

neurotransmitter is released when the impulse arrives at the synapse

the neurotransmitter travels across the synapse and combines with receptors

impulse is generated in the next neuron

enzymes break down neurotransmitters

the products are reabsorbed

36
Q

protection of the brain

A

the skull
3 membranes- meninges with fluid in between called cerebrospinal fluid

37
Q

what does cerebrospinal fluid do

A

acts as a shock absorber

38
Q

function of cerebrum

A

controls voluntary muscles
receives impulses from sense organs

39
Q

function ofcerebellum

A

controls muscular coordination and balance

40
Q

function of medulla oblongata

A

controls involuntary actions ie breathing ect

41
Q

function of thalamus

A

sends messages to different parts of the brain

42
Q

function of hypothalamus

A

controls internal environment of the body

43
Q

function of pituitary gland

A

part of the endocrine system

44
Q

name a nervous system disorder

A

Parkinson’s disease

45
Q

cause of Parkinson’s disease

A

body fails to produce dopamine

46
Q

treatment for Parkinson’s disease

A

no cure
symptoms can be alleviated by physiotherapy or drugs that mimic dopamine

47
Q

prevention of Parkinson’s disease

A

no known preventative measures

48
Q

composition of the spinal cord

A

nerve tissue surrounded by vertabrae

49
Q

function of spinal cord

A

relays messages to/from the brain to the PNS and controls reflex actions

50
Q

where is the spinal cord located

A

neutral canal of the spine surrounded by meninges

51
Q

white matter

A

part of the CNS that contains axons only

52
Q

grey matter

A

part of the CNS that contains cell bodies and dendrites

53
Q

function of central canal

A

contains cerebrospinal fluid

54
Q

function of dorsal route

A

carries sensory neurons into spinal cord

55
Q

ventral route

A

carries motor neurons out of spinal cord to effector muscles

56
Q

reflex action

A

automatic involuntary response to a stimulus

57
Q

reflex arc

A

the nerve pathway of a reflex action

58
Q

mechanism of reflex arc

A

stimulus is detected by a receptor

sensory neurons carry impulse to spinal cord through dorsal root

in the spinal cord an impulse is carried to motor neuron via interneuron
another neuron takes impulse to brain

motor neuron carries impulse to effector muscle

PROCESS IS NOT CONTROLLED BY BRAIN!!!

59
Q

benefit of reflexes

A

allows you to respond quickly to danger protecting the body

LC Biology (34 decks)

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