Sexual reproduction of plants

Question 1

what name is given to the anther and filament in the flower

Answer 1

Stamen

Question 2

what name is given to the stigma style and ovary in a plant

Answer 2

Carpel

Question 3

function of the sepal

Answer 3

to protect the flower and to prevent it from drying out

Question 4

function of the petal

Answer 4

to attract insects to the flower for polination

Question 5

function of the receptacle

Answer 5

where the flowering part arises

Question 6

function of stigma

Answer 6

where pollen lands after pollination

Question 7

function of the style

Answer 7

what pollen travels down

Question 8

function of ovary

Answer 8

contains ovules

Question 9

function of anther

Answer 9

produces pollen

Question 10

function of the filament

Answer 10

holds anther in place

Question 11

pollination

Answer 11

transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower of the same species

Question 12

advantage of cross pollination

Answer 12

prevents interbreeding
greater variation in the species

Question 13

what are the 2 methods of pollenation

Answer 13

animal and wind

Question 14

adaptations of animal pollination

Answer 14

brightly coloured petals
sticky pollen
sigma/anther inside petals

Question 15

adaptations of wind pollination

Answer 15

small petals
pollen plentiful
dry and light
stigma and anther outside petals

Question 16

gamete

Answer 16

haploid cell capable of fusion

Question 17

where does male gamete formation occur

Answer 17

anther

Question 18

outline the events of male gamete formation

Answer 18

diploid microspore mother cell
divides by meiosis
producing 4 haploid cells called a terrad
each one divides by mitosis
producing a pollen grain with 2 haploid nuclei
called the tube nucleus
and the generative nucleus

Question 19

describe the events of female gamete formation

Answer 19

diploid megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis
producing 4 haploid cells
3 die, o ne forms embryo sac
embryo sac undergoes mitosis 3 times
forming 8 haploid cells
5 die, 2 polar nuclei and 1 egg are formed

Question 20

name 2 methods by which pollenation would occur

Answer 20

cross and self pollination

Question 21

describe the events that occur immediately after pollination

Answer 21

pollen lands on stigma of carpel
tube nucleus forms pollen tube
generative nucleus undergoes mitosis as it travels down pollen tube producing 2 male gametes
1 male gamete fuses with 2 polar nuclei forming a triploid endosperm nucleus
1 male gamete fuses with the egg to form a diploid zygote

Question 22

name one part where fruit may develope from

Answer 22

ovary

Question 23

give 2 advantages of seed dispersal

Answer 23

minimises competition
prevents over crowding

Question 24

describe the role of digestion in germiniation

Answer 24

food + nutrients are soluble and can be absorbed

Question 25

give the role of respiration in germination

Answer 25

to break down food to release energy

Question 26

describe the role of water in germination

Answer 26

softens testa

Question 27

describe the role of oxygen in germination

Answer 27

respiration

Question 28

describe the role of a suitable temperature in germination

Answer 28

for enzyme activity

Question 29

give one atomical way plants protect themselves

Answer 29

thorns

Question 30

give one chemical way plants protect themselves

Answer 30

heat shock proteins

Question 31

give one way in which seedless fruit may form

Answer 31

plant growth regulators

Question 32

germination

Answer 32

the regrowth of an embryo after a period of dormancy if conditions are favourable

Question 33

dispersal

Answer 33

transfer of the seed away from the parent plant

Question 34

dormancy

Answer 34

a resting period when the seed undergoes no growth and has a reduced metabolism

Question 35

give 2 benefits of dormancy

Answer 35

allows plant to withstand harsh conditions
allows embryo time to develope

Question 36

give 2 roles of water in germination

Answer 36

softens testa
used in enzyme activity

Question 37

what are the 2 possible food stores in seeds

Answer 37

cotyledon
endosperm

Question 38

what food store is always present in seeds

Answer 38

cotyledon

Question 39

give 2 adaptations of wind pollenated flowers that increase their chance of successful pollination

Answer 39

pollen is light and dry
pollen is plentiful

Question 40

give 2 features of a wind pollenated flower

Answer 40

small petals
produce lots of pollen

Question 41

what is fertilisation

Answer 41

the fusion of male + female gametes to form a diploid zygote

Question 42

which part of the flower forms the seed

Answer 42

the ovule

Question 43

name 2 biomolecules stored in the endosperm of the cotyledon

Answer 43

lipids, carbs

Question 44

give one way dormancy is useful to humans

Answer 44

optimum storage conditions
so that seeds can be sown at a suitable time of year

Question 45

why does the dry mass of endosperm tissue decrease in a germinating endospermic seed

Answer 45

digestion and respiration

Question 46

name a metabolic process that increases the mass of a germinating seed

Answer 46

photosynthesis

Question 47

name the structure the pollen tube grows down

Answer 47

style

Question 48

what type of division does a generative nucleus undergo

Answer 48

mitosis

Question 49

with what does each male gamete fuse with in the embryo sac

Answer 49

egg- forming diploid zygote
2 polar nuclei forming a triploid endosperm nucleus

Question 50

which part of the embryo gives rise to the root

Answer 50

radical

Question 52

which part of the embryo gives rise to the shoot

Answer 52

plumule