Human Breathing

Question 1

Where does human breathing happen

Answer 1

Thoracic cavity/thorax

Question 2

What is the difference between breathing and respiration

Answer 2

Breathing= inhalation and exhalation of air
Respiration = breakdown of food to produce energy

Question 3

What is the definition of breathing

Answer 3

The inhalation and exhalation of air

Question 4

Respiratory diagram

Answer 4

Notes pg 88 book 3

Question 5

What is the function of the nose

Answer 5

Nostrils Lined with hairs which allow air to be filtered
Nasal cavity warms air

Question 6

Function of the pharynx

Answer 6

Is your throat

Question 7

Function of epiglottis

Answer 7

Flap of tissue at the top of the trachea that prevents food from entering the windpipe

Question 8

Larynx

Answer 8

Voice box, has 2 vocal cords that cause vibrations as air moves over them

Question 9

Trachea

Answer 9

Windpipe, divides into 2 bronchi
Made of muscle fibres and rings of cartilage

Question 10

Function of the rings of cartilage

Answer 10

Prevents tube from closing ie holds trachea open

Question 11

What is the respiratory tract lined with?

Answer 11

Cilia and mucus

Question 12

What is cilia

Answer 12

Tiny hairs in the respiratory tract

Question 13

What do cilia and mucus do

Answer 13

Mucus traps dust particles, pollen, bacteria ect.
Cilia create upward current to move mucus up to epiglottis(peristalisis)

Question 14

What are the parts of each lung

Answer 14

Each lung has a bronchus that divided into thousands of bronchioles.
At the end of each bronchiole is an alveolus

Question 15

What is the site of gas exchange

Answer 15

Alveoli

Question 16

What is a pleura

Answer 16

Pairs of membranes which reduce friction during breathing

Question 17

What are the 2 muscles in the respiratory system

Answer 17

Intercostal muscles ( in between ribs)
Diaphragm ( involuntary)

Question 18

What is the process of gas exchange

Answer 18

Diffusion

Question 19

What happens in the process of diffusion in the respiratory system

Answer 19

Oxygen diffuses through the alveolus and capillary linings and attaches to the red blood cells.
Carbon dioxide is taken and exhaled

Question 20

What are the adaptations of the alveoli

Answer 20

1. Large surface area (90m2)
2. Walls are thin ie gas diffuses easily
3. large network of capillaries surrounds alveoli

Question 21

Explain inhalation

Answer 21

Inhalation=breathing in
The mendulla oblongata sends signals to the intercostal muscles and diaphragm to contract
This signal occurs due to the detection of pH changes ( due to increased co2 levels)
The ribs are pulled up and out and the diaphragm falls down.
The volume of the thorax increases so air pressure decreases

Question 22

Explain exhalation

Answer 22

Exhalation = breathing out of air
The intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
Ribs move down and in
Diaphragm moves up
Air pressure increases and the volume of the thorax decreases

Question 23

Name a breathing disorder

Answer 23

Asthma

Question 24

What is the cause of asthma

Answer 24

Allergens ie dust, pollen ect which trigger attacks

Question 25

Symptoms of asthma

Answer 25

Coughing , wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness

Question 26

Treatment of asthma

Answer 26

Identify and prevent triggers
Use drug treatments ie steroids
Inhaler