Human Breathing Flashcards
Where does human breathing happen
Thoracic cavity/thorax
What is the difference between breathing and respiration
Breathing= inhalation and exhalation of air
Respiration = breakdown of food to produce energy
What is the definition of breathing
The inhalation and exhalation of air
Respiratory diagram
Notes pg 88 book 3
What is the function of the nose
Nostrils Lined with hairs which allow air to be filtered
Nasal cavity warms air
Function of the pharynx
Is your throat
Function of epiglottis
Flap of tissue at the top of the trachea that prevents food from entering the windpipe
Larynx
Voice box, has 2 vocal cords that cause vibrations as air moves over them
Trachea
Windpipe, divides into 2 bronchi
Made of muscle fibres and rings of cartilage
Function of the rings of cartilage
Prevents tube from closing ie holds trachea open
What is the respiratory tract lined with?
Cilia and mucus
What is cilia
Tiny hairs in the respiratory tract
What do cilia and mucus do
Mucus traps dust particles, pollen, bacteria ect.
Cilia create upward current to move mucus up to epiglottis(peristalisis)
What are the parts of each lung
Each lung has a bronchus that divided into thousands of bronchioles.
At the end of each bronchiole is an alveolus
What is the site of gas exchange
Alveoli
What is a pleura
Pairs of membranes which reduce friction during breathing
What are the 2 muscles in the respiratory system
Intercostal muscles ( in between ribs)
Diaphragm ( involuntary)
What is the process of gas exchange
Diffusion
What happens in the process of diffusion in the respiratory system
Oxygen diffuses through the alveolus and capillary linings and attaches to the red blood cells.
Carbon dioxide is taken and exhaled
What are the adaptations of the alveoli
- Large surface area (90m2)
- Walls are thin ie gas diffuses easily
- large network of capillaries surrounds alveoli
Explain inhalation
Inhalation=breathing in
The mendulla oblongata sends signals to the intercostal muscles and diaphragm to contract
This signal occurs due to the detection of pH changes ( due to increased co2 levels)
The ribs are pulled up and out and the diaphragm falls down.
The volume of the thorax increases so air pressure decreases
Explain exhalation
Exhalation = breathing out of air
The intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
Ribs move down and in
Diaphragm moves up
Air pressure increases and the volume of the thorax decreases
Name a breathing disorder
Asthma
What is the cause of asthma
Allergens ie dust, pollen ect which trigger attacks
Symptoms of asthma
Coughing , wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness
Treatment of asthma
Identify and prevent triggers
Use drug treatments ie steroids
Inhaler
