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LC Biology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

are fungi uni or multicellular

A

multicellular

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2
Q

what is the one exception of fungi being multicellular?

A

yeast

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3
Q

what type of nutrition does fungi use

A

heterotrophic , saprophytic

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4
Q

how do fungi reproduce?

A

through spores

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5
Q

what are fungi made up of?

A

Made of thread-like structures called hyphae

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6
Q

what is their cell wall made up of

A

Cell wall made of chitin

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7
Q

do fungi contain chlorophyll?

A

no they are not plants

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8
Q

why are fungi heterotrophic

A

Do not contain chlorophyll + can’t make their own food

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9
Q

what are fungis main role as saphrophytes

A

act as decomposers

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10
Q

symbiosis

A

two different species living in close proximity to each other where at least 1 party benefits

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11
Q

how to distinguish between an edible or poisonous fungi

A

Difficult to distinguish
Features used to distinguish - cap, spore type, stalk, smell, colour

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12
Q

example of a poisonous fungi

A

death cap, destroying angel

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13
Q

example of an edible fungi

A

field mushroom, morel, truffle

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14
Q

harmful vs beneficial economic uses of fungi

A

beneficial
Yeast used to make bread/alcohol
Source of nutrition (button mushrooms)

harmful
Attack crops (potato blight)
Causes dry rot, mildew causing damage

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15
Q

harmful vs beneficial medical uses of fungi

A

beneficial:
Production of antibiotics (e.g penicillin)
Produce enzymes

harmful:
Infect animals (ringworm/athlete’s foot)
Poisonous fungi contain toxins

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16
Q

give 2 examples of fungi you have studied

A

Rhizopus + yeast

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17
Q

structure of a rhizopus

A

It consists of long, thin threads called hyphae with black pins at the end of vertical hyphae

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18
Q

what is a rhizopus also commonly known as

A

black bread mould

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19
Q

are rhizopus haploid or diploid

20
Q

what are the 3 types of hyphae in a rhizopus

A

Stolons
o Rhizoids
o Sporangiophores

21
Q

how do rhizopus absorb food

22
Q

stolon:

A

aerial hyphae growing horizontally, these spread over the surface, turning downward at intervals to create rhizoids.

23
Q

Rhizoids

A

: branched hyphae that penetrate the food source anchoring the fungus. Release digestive enzymes into food and absorb digested food.

24
Q

sporangiophore

A

hyphae that arise unbranched from rhizoid tufts; enlarge at tip to form spherical sporangia.

25
Q

Columella

A

cross wall pushing up into sporangium from below. Separate spores from sporangiophore.

26
Q

Apophysis

A
  • swelling below sporangium.
27
Q

Apophysis -

A

swelling below sporangium.

28
Q

spores

A

are small, black, light, asexual reproductive structures- can be carried by
wind.

29
Q

rhizopus digestion

A

lives on starchy/sugary food. Rhizopus releases enzymes on to substrate. Breaks down aloohydrate to maltose - reabsorbed by diffusion. This process is extra-cellular digestion.

30
Q

how do rhizopus reproduce

A

. Reproduce asexually (more preferable) and sexually.

31
Q

what type of asexual reproduction do rhizopus use

A

sporulation

32
Q

describe sporulation

A
  1. Mitosis occurs in sporangium
  2. Each cell develops a resistant wall and is now called a spore.
  3. In dry conditions the sporangium dries out and bursts, releasing spores.
  4. If spores land/on a suitable substrate, they will germinate and new mycelium forms
33
Q

what causes a rhizopus to use sexual reproduction instead?

A

Caused by dehydration /unsuitable conditions

34
Q

what are the common characteristics of a rhizopus born from sporulation

A

1 parent
genetically identical

35
Q

which is faster, sexual or asexual

36
Q

describe sexual reproduction in a rhizopus

A
  • opposite strains of hyphae attract
    -swelling, form
  • progametangia form
  • gametangia form
  • fusion of nuclei (fertilization)
  •  Zygospore (2n) forms
  • germination of zygospore by meiosis when conditions are suitible)
37
Q

in what way are sexually reproduced Rhizopus different to each other

A

No male/female - structurally identical - chemically different:
positive and negative strains

38
Q

what is yeasts cell wall made of

39
Q

is yeast uni or multi cellular

40
Q

what shape is yeast

A

Each cell is roughly oval or spherical in shape

41
Q

how does yeast respire

A

respires and anaerobically - fermentation

42
Q

what are the contents of the yeast cell

A

A single haploid nucleus
A large central vacuole
A thin cell wall -> Made from chitin

43
Q

how does yeast reproduce

44
Q

what is the asexual reproduction method that yeast uses?

45
Q

is budding fast or slow

LC Biology (34 decks)

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