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LC Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

photosynthesis

A

the process by which plants make their own food

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2
Q

what is the chloroplasts’ role in photosynthesis

A

contains a green pigment called chlorophyll which allows for the absorption of sunlight

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3
Q

what colours does chlorophyll reflect

A

green
yellow

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4
Q

role of photosynthesis

A

make food for plant +animal
oxygen produced is used in respiration
removes carbon dioxide from air

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5
Q

what is the balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O+ LIGHT ——->C6H 12O6 + 6O2

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6
Q

Where specifically is chlorophyll found?

A

in the thylakoid membrane

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7
Q

what are the requirements for photosynthesis to occur

A

carbon dioxide
water
light energy
chlorophyll

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8
Q

source of carbon dioxide

A

external environment (from the atmosphere)
internally from plant respiration

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9
Q

where is carbon dioxide absorbed

A

through the stomata of the leaf

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10
Q

source of water

A

absorbed from soil through roots by osmosis

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11
Q

what is the sun

A

primary source of energy on earth

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12
Q

source of light

A

sunlight
artificial light in greenhouses

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13
Q

end products of photosynthesis

A

glucose + oxygen

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14
Q

give a brief summary of stage 1 of photosynthesis

A

water is split
light is absorbed
light energises electrons

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15
Q

give a brief summary of what happens in stage 2 of photosynthesis

A

glucose is formed

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16
Q

which stage is light dependent and which is not

A

stage 1= light dependant
stage 2 = not

17
Q

what is water splitting also known as?

A

photolysis

18
Q

what is the purpose of the light stage

A

prepares ATP for dark stage

19
Q

where does the light stage occur

A

thylakoid membrane

20
Q

explain photolysis

A

some of the trapped light energy is used to split water to oxygen, protons + electrons

21
Q

explain the fate of protons in photolysis

A

protons:
stored in a proton pool
used to convert NADP+ to NADPH

22
Q

fate of electrons in photolysis

A

to join with NADP+ to form NADP-

23
Q

fate of oxygen in photolysis

A

oxygen:
excreted through stomata
used in respiration

24
Q

explain how light is absorbed

A

each pigment of chlorophyll absorbs a certain wavelength of light.
because chlorophyll has many pigments it means more colours can be absorbed and more light energy is produced

25
Q

why are plants green?

A

green light is not absorbed and is reflected

26
Q

how is light energy transferred to electrons

A

all energy absorbed is transferred to the reaction centre chlorophyll located next to an electron acceptor
they enter into 1 of 2 pathways
this energy energises the electrons, as they jump from one EA to another EA

27
Q

describe cyclic phosphorylation

A

one electron passes from EA to EA and returns back to the original reaction centre chlorophyll
the energy released is used to join ADP+P to form ATP

28
Q

explain non-cyclic phosphorylation

A

2 electrons pass from EA to EA and do not return to the reaction centre chlorophyll
the energy released is used to join ADP+ P to form ATP
the low energy electrons join with NADP+ to form NADP- and a proton is added forming NADPH
splitting of water occurs to gain more electrons

29
Q

does the dark stage need light?

A

no

30
Q

where does the dark stage take place

A

stroma of the chloroplast

31
Q

what is stage 2 controlled by?

A

controlled by enzymes to speed up the process

32
Q

explain the Calvin cycle (dark stage)

A

co2 enters Calvin cycle
carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose
ATP breaks down to ADP+P releasing energy
NADPH breaks down into NADP+ +2e + H
the electrons and protons are used to make glucose

33
Q

what are the requirements for the light stage to occur

A

water and sunlight

34
Q

what are the requirements for the dark stage to occur

A

co2 ATP NADPH

35
Q

end product of the dark stage

A

glucose

LC Biology (34 decks)

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