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LC Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

respiration

A

the release of energy from food

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2
Q

aerobic respiration

A

the release of energy from food using oxygen

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3
Q

who uses aerobic respiration

A

humans, animals, plants

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4
Q

what are the products of aerobic respiration

A

carbon dioxide and water vapour

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5
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

the release of energy from food without using oxygen ie fermentation

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6
Q

who uses anaerobic respiration

A

bacteria and some fungi

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7
Q

what are the products of anaerobic respiration

A

lactic acid or
carbon dioxide + ethanol

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8
Q

balanced equation for respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —–> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy

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9
Q

what is the energy produced in respiration

A

ATP

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10
Q

what does ATP do in respiration?

A

it is readily available for the cell to use it for muscular contraction, cell repair, cell division ect

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11
Q

how many stages are there in aerobic respiration

A

2

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12
Q

what is the first stage of aerobic respiration called?

A

glycolisis

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13
Q

how is most energy produced released?

A

as heat energy from the liver

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14
Q

what happens in glycolisis

A

glucose (6 carbon molecule) breaks down into 2, 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate or pyruvic acid.

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15
Q

where does glycolysis take place

A

in the cytosol of the cell

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16
Q

what is the cytosol of the cell?

A

the cytoplasm without all the organelles

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17
Q

how much energy is releases in glycolysis

A

very little energy

18
Q

is oxygen necessary for glycolysis to take place?

A

no- this is the anaerobic process

19
Q

what is released during glycolysis

A

hydrogen atoms are released from glucose
the hydrogen splits into 2 electrons and 2 protons
1proton and 2 electrons join with NAD+ forming NADH and 1 proton is left over

20
Q

where does respiration occur the most?

A

in the muscle and liver cells as there is lots of mitochondria

21
Q

what are the names given to part 2

A

Krebs cycle
electron transport chain

22
Q

what happens in part 2

A

pyruvate enters the mitochondria if there is oxygen present
here the 3-carbon molecule is converted into a 2-carbon molecule called acetyl co-a.
the acetyl Co-A enters into the Krebs cycle
then the NADH moves to the inner membrane of the mitochondria and enters the electron transport chain

23
Q

what is the fate of acetyl co-a

A

to enter into the krebs cycle when in the presence of oxygen

24
Q

what are the 3 products of the krebs cycle

A

CO2
ATP
NADH

25
Q

where does the krebs cycle occur?

A

the mitochondria

26
Q

what happens in the krebs cycle

A

acetyl co-a is converted into CO2 and hydrogen.
CO2 is released and exhaled through the breathing system (alveoli)
hydrogen splits into 2 electrons and 2 protons. 2 e and 1 p join with NAD+ forming NADH and 1 p is left over

27
Q

what is the main purpose of the electron transport chain

A

water is made there

28
Q

what is the purpose of the ETCs being located in the infoldings of the mitochondria?

A

more surface area=more energy produced

29
Q

describe what happens in the electron transport chain

A

electrons in NADH are released and transferred down the ETC

as electrons pass down through the chain, energy is released which is used to make ATP

at the end of the ETC the low energy electrons combine with hydrogen (from NADH) and oxygen (from inhaling) forming H2O

30
Q

what process is used for anaerobic respiration?

A

glycolysis

31
Q

what happens after glycolysis in anaerobic respiration

A

if oxygen is not present pyruvate cannot enter the mitochondria and will be converted to some other end products in the cytosol

32
Q

fermentation

A

the release of energy from food in the absence of oxygen

33
Q

what are the types of anaerobic respiration

A

lactic acid fermentation
alcohol fermentation

34
Q

what happens in lactic acid fermentation

A

glucose converts to lactic acid and very little energy
can be harmful to body - causes cramps

35
Q

what happens in alcohol fermentation

A

glucose is converted into alcohol and carbondioxide

36
Q

biotechnology

A

use of living things or their components to manufacture products

37
Q

bioreactor

A

a large vessel in which microorganisms are used to make a product

38
Q

what is a microbe

A

fermenting of food to produce a new food

39
Q

explain bacteria in bioprocessing

A

microbe: bacteria
product: ethanol + antibiotics
use: beer, wine, perfume, to kill other bacteria

40
Q

explain yeast in bioprocessing

A

microbe: yeast
product: ethanol, co2
use: beer wine, causes dough to rise

LC Biology (34 decks)

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