Blood

Question 1

what are the 3 functions of the blood

Answer 1

transport,
protection
regulation

Question 2

transport

Answer 2

transports substances from one part of the body to another

Question 3

protection

Answer 3

helps to defend against diseases

Question 4

regulation

Answer 4

keeps conditions right for the working of our cells

Question 5

what is the composition of the blood

Answer 5

plasma(55%)
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

Question 6

composition of plasma

Answer 6

made up of water, proteins and dissolved substances

Question 7

proteins in plasma

Answer 7

includes antibodies made by white blood cells to fight off foreign substances and clotting proteins to help form blood clots

Question 8

dissolved materials in plasma

Answer 8

includes hormones, amino acids, glucose, carbon dioxide, urea

Question 9

composition of red blood cells

Answer 9

red protein called haemoglobin surrounded by a flexible membrane

Question 10

where are red blood cells produced

Answer 10

bone marrow

Question 11

function of red blood cells

Answer 11

to transport oxygen

Question 12

what is haemoglobin

Answer 12

an iron-based molecule that absorbs and transports oxygen in areas of high oxygen concentration

Question 13

how do red blood cells differ from all other cells in the body

Answer 13

no nuclei
no mitochondria
biconcave shape

Question 14

what happens to red blood cells after they are damaged?

Answer 14

they are broken down in the liver. the iron is stored in the liver and recycled the rest is found in bile

this happens as red blood cells cannot repair themselves and the have a very short lifespan

Question 15

structure of white blood cells

Answer 15

no definite shape, large nucleus. less abundant than red blood cells, different types

Question 16

where are white blood cells produced

Answer 16

in the bone marrow
mature in the spleen

Question 17

function of white blood cells

Answer 17

to defend the body and fight infection by
phagocytosis
producing antibodies that fight invading paticles

Question 18

what is phagocytosis

Answer 18

when white blood cells engulf and digest pathogens

Question 19

what is a pathogen

Answer 19

a disease-causing organism

Question 20

what are the 2 types of white blood cells

Answer 20

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 21

lymphocytes

Answer 21

made in bone marrow
stored in tonsils and other lymph nodes
life span= 3 months- 10 years
function=to make antibodies

Question 22

monocytes

Answer 22

made in bone marrow
travel through blood system
kidney shaped nucleus
life span= 6-9 days
function= scavenge through dody engulfing and digesting bacteria and foreign particles

Question 23

platelets

Answer 23

cell fragments made in the bone marrow
no nucleus

Question 24

function of platelets

Answer 24

to clot the blood

Question 25

benefits of clots

Answer 25

to reduce blood loss and prevent microbes entering the blood

Question 26

how does the ABO system work

Answer 26

every person has a blood type which depends on your specific markers on your red blood cells
the blood groups are A, B, AB, O

Question 27

what symbol does A blood have

Answer 27

circle

Question 28

what symbol does B blood have

Answer 28

diamond

Question 29

what symbol does AB blood have

Answer 29

circles and diamonds

Question 30

what symbol does O blood have

Answer 30

line

Question 31

what antibodies does A blood have in plasma

Answer 31

anti-B

Question 32

what antibodies does B blood have in plasma

Answer 32

anti-A

Question 33

what antibodies does AB blood have in plasma

Answer 33

none

Question 34

what antibodies does O blood have in plasma

Answer 34

anti-A and anti-B

Question 35

blood type compatible with for A

Answer 35

A,O

Question 36

blood type compatible with for B

Answer 36

B,O

Question 37

blood type compatible with for AB

Answer 37

A, B, AB, O
AB+ is the universal recipient

Question 38

blood type compatible with for O

Answer 38

O
O is the universal donor

Question 39

rhesus factor

Answer 39

a person’s blood cells either have rhesus negative or rhesus positive

for example A+ or A-