Genetic engineering Flashcards
genetic engineering
artificial manipulation or alteration of genes
target gene
the specific gene taken from one organism
cloning vector
the target gene is planted within another organism of a different species
recombinant DNA
the combined target gene and cloning vector
substances used in genetic engineering
bacterial plasmid
restriction enzymes
DNA ligase
function of restriction enzymes
cuts DNA at specific sites
how do restriction enzymes know where to cut
it recognises a particular sequence of DNA bases
example a base sequence restriction enzymes recognises
GAATTC
function of DNA ligase
enzyme used to stick DNA bases from different sources firmly together
list the 6 steps of the process of genetic engineering
isolation
cutting
ligation
transformation
cloning
expression
explain isolation
removal of chromosome with target gene from the human cell and the plasmid from the bacterium
explain cutting
restriction enzymes cut the chromosome in many places and plasmid is cut in one place
explain ligation
cut plasmids mixed with DNA sections, complimentary bases combine
explain transformation
uptake of recombinant DNA in cell
explain cloning
production of identical copies of the bacteria
