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Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science > The Heart (Q3,P2) > Flashcards

The Heart (Q3,P2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Atria

A
  • Upper chambers of the heart
  • Receive blood from the pulmonary and systemic circuits
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2
Q

Ventricles

A
  • Lower chambers of the heart
  • the pumping chambers of the heart for both the pulmonary and systemic circuits
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3
Q

Veins

A
  • Carries low O2 blood back to heart
  • blood vessels that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the body back to the heart for reoxygenation.
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4
Q

Arteries

A
  • Carries O2 blood from heart to the body
  • blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body.
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5
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

takes blood to and from the lungs

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6
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

vessels transport blood to and from body tissues

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7
Q

Location of the Heart

A
  • Weights under a pound
  • Largest organ of the mediastinum (organs in thoracic cavity)
  • Located between the lungs
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8
Q

Layers of the Pericardium

A
  1. Fibrous Pericardium
    Serous Pericardium: 2. Parietal 3. Visceral
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9
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A
  • strong layer of dense connective tissue (forms one of the three layers)
  • external layer of the pericardium
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10
Q

Parietal Pericardium

A

Outer layer of the serous pericardium

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11
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A
  • Inner layer of the serous pericardium
  • Also forms the Epicardium
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12
Q

Layers of the Heart Wall

A
  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium
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13
Q

Epicardium

A

Layer of heart wall
the external layer of the heart wall and is also the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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14
Q

Myocardium

A
  • Layer of heart wall
  • consists of cardiac muscle (middle layer of the heart wall)
    Muscle arranged in circular and spiral patterns
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15
Q

Endocardium

A

Layer of the heart wall
– endothelium resting on a layer of connective tissue – inner layer of the heart wall
Lines the internal walls of the heart and forms the heart valves

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16
Q

What are heart chambers?

A

Internal divisions of the atria and ventricles
Interventricular and interatrial septa

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17
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

an external groove that marks the division between the atria and the ventricles

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18
Q

Anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus

A

external grooves that mark the division between the ventricles on the both the anterior and posterior side of the heart

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19
Q

Right Atrium

A
  • End of the Systemic Circuit
    (low O2 blood has cycled around the body and comes back for more O2)
  • Receiving chamber for oxygen poor blood
  • Vessels coming into this chamber include the Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus
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20
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A
  • opening/orifice found in Right Atrium
  • Receives oxygen-poor blood draining superior to the diaphragm
21
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A
  • opening/orifice found in Right Atrium
  • Receives oxygen-poor blood draining inferior to the diaphragm
22
Q

Coronary Sinus

A
  • opening/orifice found in Right Atrium
  • Receives oxygen-poor blood draining from the walls of the heart
  • located on the posterior portion or the coronary sulcus (seen on the back of the heart)
    drains the oxygen poor blood from the tissues of the heart itself and empties into the right atrium
23
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

remnant of a fetal circulatory structure known as the foramen oval
- part of the interatrial septum
- Part of the Right Atrium

24
Q

Tricuspid valve

A
  • Part of the Right Atrium
  • is located between the right atrium and right ventricle (also called: Right AV (atrioventricular) valve)
    When this valve opens blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle
    When this valve closes, it prevents back-flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium
25
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Start of the Pulmonary Circuit
Pumping chamber for the pulmonary circuit – oxygen poor blood is pumped from the heart back to the lungs

26
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A

Vessel that leaves the right ventricle
(opening/orifice for this vessel is found in the RV)

27
Q

Papillary Muscles

A

cone-shaped muscles projecting from the ventricular wall
(Anchors for the chordate tendineae)
- Part of the Right Ventricle

28
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A
  • Part of the Right Ventricle
  • thin strong bands attached to the papillary muscles and the flaps of the tricuspid valve; help to prevent back-flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium
29
Q

Pulmonary valve (also called: pulmonary semilunar valve)

A

the valve located at the base of the pulmonary trunk
When this valve opens blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk
When the valve closes it prevents back-flow from the pulmonary trunk back into the right ventricle

30
Q

Left Atrium (LA)

A
  • End of the pulmonary circuit
  • Receiving chamber for oxygen-rich blood
  • Vessels coming into this chamber: Two right pulmonary veins, Two Left Pulmonary Veins
31
Q

Two Right Pulmonary Veins

A

(opening/orifice found in LA)
Receives oxygen-rich blood returning from the right lung

32
Q

Two Left Pulmonary Veins

A

(opening/orifice found in LA)
Receives oxygen-rich blood returning from the left lung

33
Q

Remember! Bi is left, tri is right

A
34
Q

Left Ventricle (LV)

A
  • Start of Systemic Circuit
  • Pumping chamber for the systemic circuit
    Vessel leaving this chamber is called the aorta
  • Three times thicker than the right ventricle
  • Exerts more pumping force than RV
    Flattens the RV into a crescent shape
35
Q

Aorta

A

(opening/orifice for this vessel is found in the Left Ventricle

36
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

is located between the left atrium and left ventricle (Also called: Left AV (atrioventricular) valve; mitral valve)
When this valve opens blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle
When this valve closes, it prevents back-flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium

37
Q

Papillary muscles (LV)

A

cone-shaped muscles projecting from the ventricular wall

38
Q

Chordae tendineae (LV)

A

thin strong bands attached to the papillary muscles and the flaps of the bicuspid valve; help to prevent back-flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium

39
Q

Aortic valve (Also called: aortic semilunar valve

A

the valve located at the base of the aorta
When this valve opens blood flows from the left ventricle to the aorta
When the valve closes it prevents back-flow from the aorta back into the left ventricle

40
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

Each complete beat the heart makes
The heart makes 2 sounds: Lub (systole contraction, emptying) and Dub (diastole relaxation of ventricles, refilling)

41
Q

Atria

A

Thin walls of the heart

42
Q

Ventricles

A

Thick walls of the heart (to push blood further)

43
Q

What is every heart valve composed of?

A

Endocardium with a connective tissue core

44
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

located between atria and ventricles
(Tricuspid and bicuspid valves)

45
Q

Aortic and pulmonary valves

A

at junction of ventricles and great arteries

46
Q

Conducting System of the Heart

A
  • A series of specialized cardiac muscle cells that rhythmically generate and conduct impulses
  • SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE sets the inherent rate of contraction – known as the heart’s internal pacemaker
47
Q

Nerves to the Heart

A
  1. Visceral sensory fibers
  2. Parasympathetic branches of the vagus nerve
  3. Sympathetic fibers – from cervical and upper thoracic chain ganglia
    - The nerves that receive external controls, that then alter heart rate
48
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply oxygen-rich blood to the tissues of the heart
Arise (or branch) from the ascending aorta
Located in the coronary sulcus
2 Branches: Left and right coronary arteries

49
Q

Heart Flow Diagram

A

Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science (31 decks)

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