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Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science > Digestive System (Q4,P2) > Flashcards

Digestive System (Q4,P2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Two Groups of the Digestive System

A
  • Alimentary Canal
  • Accessory Digestive Organs
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2
Q

Structures of the Alimentary Canal

A
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine (colon)
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3
Q

Structures of the Accessory Digestive Organs

A
  • Teeth
  • Tongue
  • Gallbladder
  • Salivary Glands
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
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4
Q

Digestive Processes

A
  • Ingestion
  • Propulsion
  • Mechanical Digestion
  • Chemical Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Defecation
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5
Q

9 Abdominal Sections

A
  • Top Row: right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac
  • Middle Row: right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
  • Bottom Row: right inguinal, hypogastric, left inguinal
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6
Q

Pertioneum

A
  • Serous membrane
  • 2 layers: visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum
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7
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Surrounds digestive organs

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8
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Lines the body wall

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9
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

A slit-like potential space

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10
Q

Layers of the Alimentary Canal Wall

A
  • Same four layers from esophagus to anus
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis Extena
  • Serosa
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11
Q

Mucosa

A

innermost layer of alimentary canal wall

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12
Q

submucosa

A

external to the mucosa

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13
Q

Muscularis Externa

A

external to the submucosa

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14
Q

Serosa

A
  • the outermost layer of the alimentary canal wall
  • The visceral peritoneum
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15
Q

What is the order that the trocar would pass through the layer of the alimentary canal? (outer to inner)

A
  • Skin
  • Muscle
  • Serosa (visceral peritoneum)
  • muscularis externa
  • submucosa
  • mucosa
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16
Q

Mouth Muscles

A
  • Mouth: oral cavity
  • Lips and cheeks: formed from orbicularis oris and buccinator
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17
Q

Anatomy of the Mouth

A

The labial and lingual frenulum
The palate – forms the roof of the mouth

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18
Q

Tongue

A
  • Interlacing fascicles of skeletal muscle
  • Grips food and repositions and manipulates the food to form a ball called a “bolus”
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19
Q

Deciduous Teeth

A
  • “baby teeth”
  • First appear at 6 months of age
  • 20 teeth
20
Q

Permanent Teeth

A
  • Most are present by the end of adolescence
  • 32 teeth
21
Q

4 Types of Teeth

A
  • Incisors.
  • Canines.
  • Premolars.
  • Molars.
22
Q

Incisors

A
  • front two teeth and the teeth on either side of them
  • Each incisor has a single narrow edge, which helps cut into food when you bite
23
Q

Canines (Eye Teeth)

A
  • four canine teeth: one in each quadrant (upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left)
  • help you tear into foods like meat and crunchy vegetables
24
Q

Premolars (Bicuspids)

A
  • sit between your canines and your molars
  • have features of both canines and molars.
  • They help tear, crush, and grind food into smaller pieces.
25
Q

Molars

A
  • 12 molar teeth: three in each quadrant. (including wisdom teeth: without wisdom teeth 8 molars)
  • in the very back of your mouth
  • main chewing teeth: good for crushing and grinding up your food.
26
Q

Salivary Glands

A
  • Produce Saliva
  • 3 Pairs of salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, sublingual
27
Q

Pharynx

A
  • Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx: passages for air and food
28
Q

Esophagus

A
  • Muscular tube
  • Begins as a continuation of the pharynx
  • Posterior to the trachea
  • Joins the stomach inferior to the diaphragm
29
Q

Cardiac Sphincter

A

muscle that closes/opens the beginning of the stomach (cardiac orphis)
- sometimes called the lower esophageal sphincter

30
Q

Stomach

A
  • Site where food (bolus) is churned into chyme
  • Protein digestion begins in the stomach
  • Secretes pepsin: functions under acidic conditions
31
Q

Parts and Curvatures of the Stomach

A
  • Fundus
  • Cardia
  • Body
  • Greater Curvature
  • Lesser Curvature
  • Pylorus
32
Q

Small Intestine

A
  • Longest portion of the alimentary canal (but more narrow than large intestine)
  • Site of most enzymatic digestion and absorption of nutrients
  • Three subdivisions: Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (from proximal to distal)
33
Q

Duodenum

A
  • Receives digestive enzymes and bile
34
Q

Main Pancreatic Duct

A
  • a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct.
  • drains the pancreatic fluid from the pancreas and carries it to the duodenum
35
Q

Large Intestine

A
  • Absorbs water and electrolytes
  • Mass peristaltic movements in the colon force feces toward the rectum
  • Small amount of digestion by bacteria
  • Digested residue contains few nutrients
36
Q

Anatomy of the Large intestine

A
  • Divisions: cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
37
Q

Haustra of the Large Intestine

A

small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance.

38
Q

Liver

A
  • Largest gland in the body
  • Performs over 500 functions (many metabolic functions)
  • Main digestive function: bile production (secretes bile)
39
Q

Lobes of the Liver

A

Right, left, caudate, and quadrate

40
Q

Gallbladder

A
  • a sac located under the liver.
  • Found between the Right lobe and the quadrant lobe of the liver
  • stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver.
  • Expels bile into duodenum
41
Q

What does bile do?

A
  • emulsifies fats (breaks down fats)
  • Bile aids in the digestion of fat and is released from the gallbladder into the upper small intestine in response to food (especially fats).
42
Q

Pancreas

A
  • A Heterocrine gland: having both an endocrine and an exocrine secretion
43
Q

Exocrine Function of the Pancreas

A
  • Make, store, and secrete pancreatic enzymes
  • Enzymes are activated in the duodenum and aid in the breakdown of nutrients for absorption
44
Q

Endocrine Function of the Pancreas

A
  • produces insulin and glucagon (hormones)
  • regulates blood sugar (glucose)
45
Q

Insulin

A
  • hormone made by the pancreas
  • reduces blood sugar
46
Q

Glucagon

A
  • hormone made by the pancreas
  • increases blood sugar
47
Q

Endocrine vs Exocrine glands

A
  • Endocrine glands release substances directly into the bloodstream
  • exocrine glands release substances to the exterior or into cavities inside the body

Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science (31 decks)

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