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Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science > Hyoid Bone, Vertebral Column, Ribs,& Sternum (Q1, P7) > Flashcards

Hyoid Bone, Vertebral Column, Ribs,& Sternum (Q1, P7) Flashcards

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1
Q

Hyoid Bone

A
  • Lies inferior to the mandible
  • The only bone with no direct articulation with any other bone
  • Acts as a movable base for the tongue
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2
Q

Vertebral Column

A
  • Formed from 26 bones in the adult
  • Transmits weight of trunk to the lower limbs
  • Surrounds and protects the spinal cord
  • Serves as attachment sites for muscles of the neck and back
  • Held in place by ligaments
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3
Q

Sections of the Vertebral Column

A

Cervical Vertebrae (7) Concave
Thoracic Vertebrae (12) Convex
Lumbar Vertebrae (5) Concave
Sacrum (1) Convex
Coccyx (1)

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4
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A
  • Cushion-like pads between vertebrae; made of fibrocartilage
  • Act as shock absorbers
  • Compose about 25% of height of vertebral column
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5
Q

What is the average height of a vertebral column and how many regions of the column are there?

A
  • Vertebral column is about 70 cm (28 inches) on average
  • Vertebral column is divided into five major regions
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6
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A
  • 7 bones
  • C1-C7
  • vertebrae of the neck region
  • smallest and lightest vertebrae (because they only support the head)
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7
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A
  • 12 bones
  • vertebrae of the thoracic region
  • T1-T12
  • All articulate with ribs
  • Have heart-shaped bodies (looking from the top view)
  • No openings in the transverse (no transverse foramen)
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8
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A
  • 5 bones
  • vertebrae of the lower back
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9
Q

Sacrum

A
  • 1 bone
  • inferior to lumbar vertebrae and superior to the coccyx
  • Laterally articulates with the iliac region of the hip bones to form the sacroiliac joint.
  • Shapes the posterior wall of pelvis
  • Formed from 5 fused vertebrae
  • Superior surface articulates with L5
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10
Q

Coccyx

A
  • 1 bone
  • most inferior region of the vertebral column
  • Is the “tailbone”
  • Formed from 3-5 fused vertebrae
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11
Q

How many curvatures are in the vertebral column?

A
  • 4 curvatures that make an S shape
  • increases resilence of the spine
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12
Q

Which verbal regions have concave curvatures?

A

Cervical and lumbar

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13
Q

Which verbal regions have convex curvatures?

A

Thoracic and sacral

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14
Q

Typical Cervical Vertebrae

A

C3-C7

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15
Q

Features of Cervical Vertebrae

A
  • Body
  • Transverse Processes
  • Vertebral Foramen
  • Spinous Process
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16
Q

Transverse Processes

A

contain transverse foramina; extend horizontally from the body

17
Q

Vertebral Foramen

A

spinal cord passes through posterior to the body of the vertebra

18
Q

Spinous Process

A

extends posterior to the vertebral foramen

19
Q

The Atlas

A
  • Another name for the C1 vertebrae
  • Lacks a body and spinous process
  • Supports/ hold weight of the skull
  • Superior articular facets receive the occipital condyles
  • Allows flexion and extension of neck (to nod yes)
20
Q

The Axis

A
  • C2 Vertebra
  • Has a body and spinous process
  • Has a Dens (odontoid process)
21
Q

Dens (odontoid process)

A
  • Formed from fusion of the body of the atlas with the axis
  • Acts as a pivot for rotation of the atlas and skull
  • Participates in rotating the head from side to side (to say “no”)
22
Q

Bony Thorax

A

Forms the framework of the chest
Protects thoracic organs
Supports shoulder girdle and upper limbs
Provides attachment sites for muscles

23
Q

Parts of the Bony Thorax

A
  • Thoracic vertebrae – posteriorly
  • Ribs – laterally and bend to the front of the body
  • Sternum and costal cartilage – anteriorly
24
Q

Parts of the Sternum

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphoid process
25
Q

Manubrium

A
  • Superior section of the Sternum
  • Articulates with medial end of clavicles
26
Q

Body of the Sternum

A
  • bulk of sternum
  • Sides are notched at articulations for costal cartilage of ribs 2-7
27
Q

Xiphoid Process

A
  • Inferior end of sternum
  • Ossifies around age 40
28
Q

True Ribs

A
  • superior seven pairs of ribs
  • Attach to sternum by costal cartilage
29
Q

False Ribs

A

– inferior five pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to the sternum (8-10) or do not attach at all to the sternum (11-12)

30
Q

Floating Ribs

A
  • Ribs 11-12
  • called “floating ribs” because they are not connected to the sternum; sag at the back of the body

Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science (31 decks)

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