Reproductive System (Q4,P4) Flashcards
Primary function of sex organs
Produce sex cells
Secondary Function of sex organs
secrete hormones
Female Sex Chromosomes
XX
Male Sex Chromosomes
XY
External Male Genitalia
Penis and scrotum
Scrotum
- Skin and superficial fascia surrounding the testes
- its position outside the body provides an environment 3 degrees cooler than body temperature
Testes
- Primary male sex organs (gonads)
- the testes house 250-300 lobules
- lobules contain 1-4 seminiferous tibules
Seminiferous Tubules
where sperm is produced
Spermatogenesis
Process of sperm formation
Efferent Ductules
where sperm leaves the testes
- efferent ductules move the sperm to the duct of the epididymis
Duct of the Epididymis
- duct behind the testis
- sperm passes through this duct to the vas deferens.
- 20 day journey for sperm to move through
- During the journey, the sperm gains the ability to swim and fertilize
Vas Deferens/ Ductus Deferens
From the duct of the epididymis the sperm travels to the vas deferens, then the ejaculatory duct, and to the urethra
Duct System of the Male Reproductive System
Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules and travels in this order:
- Efferent ductules of the testes
- Duct of the epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
- Urethra (prostatic, membranous, penile sections)
Seminal Vesicles
- Accessory gland of the male reproductive system
- Lie on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
- Secretes about 60% of the volume of semen
Fluid from the seminal vesicles includes:
- Fructose to nourish sperm
- Other substances to enhance fertilization
Prostate Gland
- Accessory gland of the male reproductive system
- Encircles the prostatic urethra
- Consists of 20-30 compound tubuloalveolar glands
- Secretes about 25-30% of seminal fluid
- Contains substances that enhance sperm motility
Bulbourethral Glands
- Accessory gland of the male reproductive system
- Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate gland
- Produce a mucus that enters the spongy urethra prior to ejaculation
What does the Muscous from the bulbourethral glands do?
cleanses urethra and enhances pH to enable fertilzations
Ovaries
- primary female sex organ (gonads)
- produces ova/eggs (gametes)
Uterine Tubes/ Fallopian Tubes
- site of fertilization of the egg (fertilized egg turns to zygote and moves to the uterus
Regions of the Uterine Tubes
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla
- Isthmus
Infundibulum
Lateral region of the uterine tubes
Ampulla
Intermediate region of the uterine tubes
Isthmus
medial region of the uterine tubules (narrow passageway)
Uterus
Hollow muscular organ that prepares to support a developing embryo
Regions of the Uterus
- Body
- Fundus (dome part)
- Isthmus (narrow passageway)
- Cervix (sphincter connecting uterus to vagina)
Layers of the Uterine Wall
- Perimetrium
- Myometrium
- Endometrium
Perimetrium
Outer layer of the uterine wall
Myometrium
Middle and muscle layer of the uterine wall
Endometrium
- Inner layer of the uterine wall
- Where fertilized egg implants
Functions of the Vagina
- Birth Canal
- Receives penis during intercourse
External Female Genitalia
vulva
Mammary Glands
- Breasts
- Modified sweat glands
- the milk-producing gland
- undeveloped in non-pregnant women
- milk production starts after childbirth
Regions of the Mammary Glands
- Nipple
- Areola
- Lactiferous ducts
- Lactiferous sinus
What makes the human reproductive system different from other body systems?
One does not need to use the reproductive system to survive
