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Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science > Respiratory System (Q4,P1) > Flashcards

Respiratory System (Q4,P1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary Functions of the Respiratory System

A
  • Supplies body with oxygen.
  • Disposes of carbon dioxide.
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2
Q

Four Processes of Respiration

A
  • Pulmonary Ventilation
  • External Respiration
  • Transport of Respiratory Gases
  • Internal Respiration
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3
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

breathing; moving air in and out of the lungs.

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4
Q

External Respiration

A

exchange of gases between the blood and air at the lung alveoli.

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5
Q

Transport of Respiratory Gases

A

the blood transports carbon dioxide and oxygen.

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6
Q

Internal Respiration

A

gas exchange between the blood and the tissue cells.

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7
Q

Respiratory Organs

A
  • Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
  • Pharynx, larynx, and trachea
  • Bronchi and smaller branches: bronchi and bronchiole tree
  • Lungs and alveoli (air-filled openings)
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8
Q

Different Zones/Categories of Respiratory Organs

A
  • Conducting Zone
  • Respiratory Zone
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9
Q

Conducting Zone

A
  • transports the air
  • includes all structures of the respiratory system up to (but not including) the respiratory bronchioles
  • ends at the terminal bronchioles.
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10
Q

Respiratory Zone

A
  • The site of gas exchange;
  • the end part of the respiratory tree;
  • starts at the respiratory bronchioles.
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11
Q

Functions of the Nose

A
  • Provides an airway for respiration
  • Moistens and warms air
  • Filters inhaled air
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12
Q

External Nares

A

The nostrils

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13
Q

Nasal Septum

A

Structure that divides the external nares

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14
Q

Nasopharynx

A

the upper part of the pharynx, connecting with the nasal cavity above the soft palate.

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15
Q

Posterior Nasal Apertures/Choanae/Posterior Nares

A

two openings found at the back of the nasal passage between the nasal cavity and the pharynx

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16
Q

Boundaries for the Nasal Cavity

A
  • Roof
  • Floor
  • Medial Wall
  • Lateral Walls
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17
Q

Roof of the Nasal Cavity

A
  • Cribriform Plate (Ethmoid Bone)
  • Sphenoid Bone
  • Frontal Bone
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18
Q

Floor of the Nasal Cavity

A
  • Hard Palate
  • Soft Palate
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19
Q

Medial Wall of the Nasal Cavity

A

Septum

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20
Q

Lateral Walls of the Nasal Cavity

A
  • inferior Nasal Conchae Bones
  • Conchae of the Ethmoid Bone
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21
Q

Nasal Conchae

A
  • The superior and middle parts are a part of the ethmoid bone
  • The inferior part is a separate bone
  • Project medially from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
  • Particulate matter is deflected to mucus-coated surfaces
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22
Q

Pharynx

A
  • Funnel-shaped passageway
  • Connects nasal cavity and mouth
  • Divided into three locations: Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
  • The type of mucosal lining varies along its length
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23
Q

Nasopharnyx

A
  • Superior to the point where food enters
  • Only an air passageway
  • Closed off during swallowing
  • Home of the Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
  • Located on posterior wall
  • Destroys entering pathogens (part of immune system)
  • Contains the opening to the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
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24
Q

Oropharynx

A
  • Arch-like entranceway – fauces:the arched opening at the back of the mouth leading to the pharynx.
  • Extends from soft palate to the epiglottis
25
Q

Laryngopharynx

A
  • Passageway for both food and air
  • Continuous with the esophagus and larynx
26
Q

Functions of the Larynx

A
  • Voice production
  • Provides an open airway
  • Routes air and food into the proper channels
27
Q

Trachea

A
  • The windpipe
  • Descends into the mediastinum
    Divides into two main bronchi at the carina
  • 16-20 C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings keep airway open.
  • rings separated by fibrous connective tissue
28
Q

Carina

A
  • ridge in the trachea where the bifurcation occurs
29
Q

Bronchi in the Conducting Zone

A
  • Bronchi Tree
  • Primary Bronchi
  • Right Secondary Bronchi
  • Left Secondary Bronchi
  • Tertiary Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Terminal Bronchioles
30
Q

Bronchial Tree

A
  • Extensively branching respiratory passageways
  • 23 divisions
31
Q

Primary bronchi

A
  • Main 2 bronchi
  • largest bronchi
32
Q

Right Secondary Bronchi

A
  • Lobar, 3
  • Wider and shorter than the left
33
Q

Left Secondary Bronchi

A
  • Lobar, 2
34
Q

Tertiary Bronchi

A
  • Segmental, 10 in each lung
  • Branch into each lung segment
35
Q

Bronchioles

A

< 1mm

36
Q

Terminal Bronchioles

A
  • < 0.5mm
  • end of the conducting zone
37
Q

Respiratory Zone

A

Consists of air-exchanging structures

38
Q

Respiratory Bronchioles

A
  • Start of the respiratory zone
  • Branch from the terminal bronchioles
39
Q

Parts of the Respiratory Zone

A

Respiratory bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts, that lead to alveolar sacs

40
Q

Pleurae

A
  • A double-layered sac surrounding each lung
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura
  • Help divide the thoracic cavity
    Central mediastinum
    Two lateral pleural compartments
41
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae

42
Q

What shape are the lungs?

A
  • Pyramidal shaped
  • bilateral in thoracic cavity
43
Q

Costal Surface of the Lungs

A

Abuts the ribs

44
Q

Apex of the Lungs

A

Superior tip of each lung

45
Q

Base of the Lungs/ Diaphragmatic Surface

A

Inferior surface of the lungs

46
Q

Mediastinal Surface of the Lungs

A

Medial surface of each lung

47
Q

Hilus of the Lungs

A

Opening for nerves, bronchi, vascular

48
Q

Cardiac Notch

A

Region for the heart

49
Q

Left Lung

A
  • Has 2 Lobes
  • Oblique Fissure
50
Q

Right Lung

A
  • Has 3 Lobes
  • Horizontal or Transverse Fissure located superiorly:
  • Oblique Fissure located inferiorly

Fissures are structures that separate the lines of the lungs

51
Q

How many segments does each lung have?

A

10 segments

52
Q

Lobules

A

The smallest lung division you can see by the naked eye

53
Q

Stroma

A
  • Connective tissue in the lungs giving support (shape and structure)
  • Literally translates to “supporting mattress”
54
Q

Pulmonary Arteries

A

Deliver oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

55
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

carry oxygenated blood to the heart

56
Q

Innervation of the Lungs

A

Innervation: the act of stimulating an organ to activity
- Lungs are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral sensory fibers

57
Q

Parasympathetic Sensory Fibers

A

Constrict airways

58
Q

Sympathetic Sensory Fibers

A

Dilate Airways

Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science (31 decks)

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