Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science > Appendicular Bones (Q1,P8) > Flashcards

Appendicular Bones (Q1,P8) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

126 classified bones
2 parts:
Upper extremities and pectoral girdle – 64 classified bones
Lower extremities and pelvic girdle – 62 classified bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A

attaches the upper limbs to the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

girdle attaches the lower limbs to the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is important to note about the upper and lower limbs?

A

Upper and lower limbs differ in function but share the same structural plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the pectoral girdle include?

A
  • 4 classified bones
  • Consists of the clavicles (collar bones) and the scapulae (shoulder blades)
  • Pectoral girdles do not quite encircle the body completely
    Medial end of each clavicle articulates with the manubrium and first rib
    Laterally – the ends of the clavicles join the scapulae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of the Pectoral Girdle

A
  • Provides attachment for many muscles that move the upper limb
  • Girdle is very light and upper limbs are mobile
  • good for flexibility, but bad for stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clavicles (collar bones)

A

2 classified bones
Extend horizontally across the superior thorax
Sternal end articulates with the manubrium
Acromial end articulates with the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of Clavicles

A
  • Provide attachment for muscles
  • Hold the scapulae and arms laterally
  • Transmit compression forces from the upper limbs to the axial skeleton (pushups)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Scapulae (Shoulder Blades)

A
  • 2 classified bones
  • Lie on the dorsal surface of the rib cage
  • Located between ribs 2-7
  • Have three borders: Superior, medial (vertebral), and lateral (axillary)
  • Have three angles: Lateral, superior, and inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glenoid Cavity

A
  • part of scapulae
  • forms the shoulder joint (ball-and-socket joint) with head of humerus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acromion

A
  • part of scapulae
  • is a process that articulates with acromial end of the clavicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Upper Limbs

A

60 classified bones (30 bones for each upper limb)
3 groups: arm bones, forearm bones, and hand bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Humerus

A
  • Arm Bone: upper limb above the elbow
  • 2 classified bones (1 for each arm)
  • Region of the upper limb between the shoulder and elbow
  • Longest and strongest bone of the upper limb
  • Articulates with the scapula at the shoulder
  • Articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parts of Humerus

A

Head – is located on the proximal end of the humerus and fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula
Condyles – are located on the distal end of the humerus
**Trochlea – medial condyle that articulates with the ulna
**Capitulum – lateral condyle that articulates with the radius
Olecranon Fossa
Coronoid Fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

located directly superior to the the trochlea on the posterior surface of the humerus; the fossa receives the olecranon process of the ulna (when the forearm is fully extended).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coronoid fossa

A

located directly superior to the trochlea on the anterior surface of the humerus; the fossa receives the coronoid process of the ulna (when the forearm is flexed).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Forearm

A
  • 4 classified bones (1 radius and 1 ulna on each arm)
  • Proximal ends articulate with the humerus
  • Distal ends articulate with carpals
  • Radius and ulna articulate with each other at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints
  • Interconnected by a ligament (the interosseous membrane)
  • In anatomical position, the radius is lateral and the ulna is medial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ulna

A

2 classified bones
forms elbow joint with the humerus; elbow joint is hinge joint
Distal end is separated from carpals by fibrocartilage
Plays little to no role in hand movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parts of the Ulna

A

radioulnar joints
olecranon process
coronoid process
radial notch
trochlear notch

20
Q

Radius

A

2 classified bones
Superior surface of the head of the radius meets with the capitulum
Medially – the head of the radius meets radial notch of the ulna
Contributes heavily to the wrist joint
Bottom part radius meets with carpal bones
When radius moves, the hand moves with it

21
Q

Parts of the Radius

A

radioulnar joints
ulnar notch

22
Q

Hand

A

comprised of three types of bones
Carpals – wrist (16 classified bones)
Metacarpals – palm (10 classified bones)
Phalanges – fingers (28 classified bones)

23
Q

Carpals (wrist)

A

Forms the true wrist – the proximal region of the hand
Gliding movements occur between carpals
Composed of eight marble-sized bones

24
Q

Composition of Carpals

A
  • arranged in two irregular rows
  • Proximal row from lateral to medial (Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform)
  • Distal row from lateral to medial (Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate)
    Remember: Sally Left The Party To Take Carmen Home
25
Q

Metacarpals

A
  • palm of the hand
  • 10 classified bones (5 on each hand)
  • Five metacarpals radiate distally from the wrist
    Numbered 1–5, beginning with the ***pollex (thumb)
    Articulate proximally with the distal row of carpals
    Articulate distally with the proximal phalanges
26
Q

Phalanges

A
  • Fingers and Digits
  • 28 classified bones
  • Numbered 1–5, beginning with the pollex (thumb)
  • Except for the thumb, each finger has three phalanges (Proximal, middle, and distal)
27
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Attaches lower limbs to the spine
Supports visceral organs
Attaches to the axial skeleton by strong ligaments
***Acetabulum is a deep cup that holds the head of the femur

28
Q

Composition of Pelvic Girdle

A

Consists of paired hip bones (coxal bones)
Hip bones unite anteriorly with each other
Articulate posteriorly with the sacrum

29
Q

Coxal Bones (Os Coxa)

A

Hip Bones
2 classified bones
Consist of three separate bones in childhood
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
Bones fuse – retain separate names to regions of the coxal bones
Acetabulum – deep hemispherical socket on lateral pelvic surface

30
Q

Regions of Hip Bones

A

Illium
Ischium
Pubis

31
Q

Illium

A

region of hip bones
Large, flaring bone
Forms the superior region of the coxal bone
Site of attachment for many muscles
Articulation with the sacrum forms sacroiliac joint

32
Q

Ischium

A

region of hip bones
Forms posteroinferior region of the coxal bone
Anteriorly – joins the pubis
Ischial tuberosities – the strongest part of the hip bone; bear most of our weight when we are sitting

33
Q

Pubis

A

region of hip bones
Forms the anterior region of the coxal bone
Lies horizontally in anatomical position
Pubic symphysis: The two pubic bones are joined by fibrocartilage at the midline
Obturator foramen – a large hole between the pubis and ischeum (literally translates – the closed up opening)

34
Q

Lower Limbs

A

60 classified bones
Carries the entire weight of the erect body
Bones of lower limb are thicker and stronger than those of upper limb
Divided into four segments: Thigh, knee, leg, and foot

35
Q

Femur

A
  • Thigh Bone: the single bone of the thigh
  • 2 classified bones (one for each leg)
  • The region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee
  • Longest and strongest bone of the body.
36
Q

Patella

A

2 classified bones
Triangular sesamoid bone – short bone
Imbedded in the tendon that secures the quadriceps muscles
Protects the knee anteriorly

37
Q

Tibia and Fibula

A

4 classified bones
region of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle
Interosseous membrane – connects the tibia and fibula

38
Q

Tibia

A

more massive – medial bone of the leg
Receives weight of the body from the femur
Medial malleolus – forms the medial bulge of the ankle.
Tibiofibular joints – proximal and distal.
Tibia and femur at superior end (Forms the knee joint)
Tibia and talus inferior (Forms the ankle joint)

39
Q

Fibula

A

stick-like – lateral bone of the leg
Lateral malleolus – forms the lateral bulge of the ankle.
Tibiofibular joints – proximal and distal.
Fibula does not really contribute to the knee joint; however, it helps to stabilize the ankle joint

40
Q

Metatarsals

A

10 classified bones
Consists of five small long bones called metatarsals
Numbered 1–5 beginning with the*** hallux (great toe)
First metatarsal supports body weight

41
Q

Phalanges of the Toes

A

28 classified bones
14 phalanges of the toes
Smaller and less nimble than those of the fingers
Structure and arrangement are similar to phalanges of fingers
Except for the great toe (just a proximal and distal), each toe has three phalanges (Proximal, middle, and distal)

42
Q

Composition of Tarsals

A

14 classified bones (7 each foot)
**Talus – ankle bone
**Calcaneus – heel bone
Cuboid
Navicular
Medial Cuneiform
Intermediate Cuneiform
Lateral Cuneiform

43
Q

Tarsals

A

Make up the posterior half of the foot
Each foot contains seven bones called tarsals
Body weight is primarily borne by the talus (ankle bone) and calcaneus (heel bone)

44
Q

The Foot

A

Comprised of the tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
52 classified bones
Supports body weight
Acts as a lever to propel body forward when walking
Segmentation makes foot pliable and adapted to uneven ground

45
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

a thick dense fibrous sheet of connective tissue that spans the space between two bones forming a type of syndesmosis joint. In the upper limb, the interosseous membrane is between the radius and ulna.

Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions