Cartilage and Bone Tissue (Q1,P4)

Question 1

Hyaline Cartilage (glass)

Answer 1

• Most abundant cartilage
• Provides support through flexibility

Question 2

Elastic cartilage

Answer 2

• Contains many elastic fibers
• Able to tolerate repeated bending

Question 3

Fibrocartilage

Answer 3

• Resists strong compression and strong tension
• An intermediate between hyaline and elastic cartilage

Question 4

Support (Bones)

Answer 4

provides hard framework

Question 5

Movement

Answer 5

skeletal muscles use bones as
levers

Question 6

Protection

Answer 6

Protects underlying organs

Question 7

Mineral storage

Answer 7

reservoir for important minerals

Question 8

Blood-cell formation

Answer 8

bone contains red marrow; this is the site of blood cell formation; also called “hematopoiesis”

Question 9

Long bones

Answer 9

longer than wide – a shaft plus
ends

Question 10

Short bones

Answer 10

roughly cube-shaped

Question 11

Flat bones

Answer 11

thin and flattened, usually curved

Question 12

Irregular bones

Answer 12

various shapes, do not fit into
other categories

Question 13

Compact bone

Answer 13

dense outer layer of bone

Question 14

Spongy (cancellous; trabecular) bone

Answer 14

internal network of bone

Question 15

Diaphysis

Answer 15

Part of a long bone;“shaft” of a bone

Question 16

Epiphysis

Answer 16

Part of a long bone; ends of a bone

Question 17

Blood vessels

Answer 17

Part of a long bone; well vascularized

Question 18

Medullary cavity

Answer 18

Part of a long bone; hollow cavity in the shaft of the bone; filled with yellow marrow

Question 19

Periosteum

Answer 19

Membrane of a long bone; the fibrous membrane that covers the external surfaces of bones except at their articular surfaces

Question 20

Sharpey’s fibers (perforating fibers)

Answer 20

Membrane of a long bone; fibers extending from the periosteum into the lamellae of the bone

Question 21

Endosteum

Answer 21

membrane of a long bone; membrane lining the medullary cavity of bone and other inner bone surfaces

Question 22

Osteon or Haversian System

Answer 22

microscopic bone unit of compact bone, consisting of Haversian canals and the surrounding lamellae;
long cylindrical structures oriented parallel to the long axis of the bone and to the main compressive forces.

Question 23

What is the functionality of the Osteon?

Answer 23

osteons can be viewed as miniature
weight-bearing pillars

Question 24

What is the structural function of the Osteon?

Answer 24

an osteon is a group of concentric tubes
resembling the rings of a tree trunk

Question 25

Lamella (lamellae)

Answer 25

a layer of bone matrix in which the collagen fibers and mineral crystals align and run in a single direction; the fibers and crystals of adjacent lamellae always run in roughly opposite directions

Question 26

Why is the alternating pattern of the lamella important?

Answer 26

This alternating pattern is optimal for withstanding
torsion, or twisting, stresses

Question 27

Central Canal (Haversian Canal)

Answer 27

runs through the core of each osteon; is lined by endosteum; contains blood vessels which provide nutrients to the bone cells, and nerve fibers

Question 28

Perforating canals (Volkmann’s canals)

Answer 28

• lie at right angles to the central canals
• connect the blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the central canals and the marrow cavity

Question 29

Osteocytes

Answer 29

mature bone cells; spider-shaped;
their bodies occupy small cavities in the solid matrix called lacunae

Question 30

What is Collagen’s function in bones?

Answer 30

contributes to the flexibility and tensile strength that allows bone to resist stretching and twisting

Question 31

What is the chemical composition of bone?

Answer 31

• 35% organic compounds: cells, fibers, and organic substances
• 65% inorganic mineral salts: primarily calcium phosphate
• Collagen

Question 32

what is Calcium phosphate’s function in bones?

Answer 32

-mineral salts are present in tiny crystals that lie in and around the collagen fibrils
- Resists compression; provides bone with its hardness

Question 33

Lacunae

Answer 33

Space that houses osteocytes

Question 34

Canaliculi

Answer 34

Canals that run through the lamella; contain the spider legs of the osteocytes; connect Lacunae to the nearest blood supply