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Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science > Joints (Q2,P1) > Flashcards

Joints (Q2,P1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Possible Articulations of Joints

A

Bone to bone
Bone to cartilage
Teeth in bony sockets

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2
Q

Structure of Joints

A

Enables resistance to crushing, tearing, and other forces

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3
Q

Functional Classiffications of Joints

A

Functional classification is based on the amount of movement
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses

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4
Q

Structural Classifications of Joints

A

Structural classifications are based on:
1) Material that binds bones together
2) Presence or absence of a joint cavity
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial

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5
Q

Fibrous Joints

A
  • Bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue
  • Do not have a joint cavity
    -Most are immovable or slightly movable
    3 types
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6
Q

Types of Fibrous Joints

A

sutures,
syndesmoses
gomphoses

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7
Q

Sutures

A
  • Type of Fibrous Joint
  • Bones are tightly bound by a minimal amount of fibrous tissue
  • Only occur between the bones of the skull
  • Allow bone growth so that the skull can expand with brain during childhood
  • Fibrous tissue ossifies in middle age
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8
Q

Synostoses

A

closed sutures

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9
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Type of fibrous joint
Bones are connected exclusively by ligaments
Amount of movement depends on length of fibers

Ex. Tibiofibular joint, Interosseous membrane, freely movable diathrosis

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10
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Bones are united by cartilage
Lack a joint cavity
2 types: synchondroses and symphyses

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11
Q

Types of Cartilaginous Joints

A

synchondroses and symphyses

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12
Q

Synchondroses

A

Type of cartilaginous joint
Hyaline cartilage unites bones; immovable
ex. Epiphyseal plates
(made from hyaline
cartilage)

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13
Q

Symphyses

A

Fibrocartilage unites bones – resists tension and compression
Slightly movable joints that provide strength with flexibility
Hyaline cartilage – also present as articular cartilage

ex. Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis

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14
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Most movable type of joint
All are diarthroses
Each contains a fluid-filled joint cavity
Synovial joints are Richly supplied with sensory nerves that Detect pain
lubricating devices
Are subjected to compressive forces
Friction could overheat and destroy joint tissue
Have a rich blood supply

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15
Q

General Structure of Synovial Joints

A
  • All have Articular cartilage (Ends of opposing bones are covered with hyaline cartilage)
  • Joint cavity (synovial cavity)
  • Articular capsule
  • Synovial fluid
  • Reinforcing ligaments (either inta- or extracapsular ligaments)
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16
Q

Articular capsule

A

joint cavity is enclosed in a two-layered capsule
Articular capsule is composed of…
Fibrous capsule – dense irregular connective tissue – strengthens joint
Synovial membrane – loose (far apart) connective tissue
Lines joint capsule and covers internal joint surfaces
Functions to make synovial fluid

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17
Q

Synovial fluid

A

A viscous fluid similar to raw egg white
A filtrate of blood
Contains glycoprotein molecules secreted by fibroblasts

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18
Q

Bursa

A

a flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane
- closed bags of lubricant
reduce friction between body elements
- not synovial joints

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19
Q

Tendon sheath

A

an elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

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20
Q

Factors Influencing Joint Stability

A

Articular surfaces – seldom play a major role in joint stability
Ligaments – the more ligaments in a joint, the stronger it is
~~Muscle tone – the most important factor in joint stability (keeps tension on muscle tendons)

21
Q

Three basic types of movement by synovial joints

A
  • Gliding – one bone across the surface of another
  • Angular movement – movements change the angle between bones
  • Rotation – movement around a bone’s long axis
22
Q

Gliding

A
  • one bone across the surface of another
  • Flat surfaces of two bones slip across each other
  • Gliding occurs between Carpals, Articular processes of vertebrae, Tarsals
23
Q

Angular Movements

A

movements change the angle between bones
Flexion and Extension
Abduction and Adductionon
Circumduction

24
Q

Flexion

A

decrease the angle between two bones

25
Q

Extension

A

increase the angle between bones

26
Q

Abduction (A.B duction)

A

moving a limb away from the body midline

27
Q

Adduction (A.D duction)

A

moving a limb toward the body midline

28
Q

Circumduction

A

moving a limb or finger so that it describes a cone in space

29
Q

Rotation

A

turning movement of a bone around its long axis
The only movement allowed between atlas and axis vertebrae
Occurs at the hip and shoulder joints

30
Q

Supination

A

forearm rotates laterally – palm faces anteriorly
special movement

31
Q

Pronation

A

– forearm rotates medially – palm faces posteriorly
special movement

32
Q

Supine

A

face up

33
Q

Prone

A

face down

34
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

lifting the foot so its superior surface approaches the shin

35
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

depressing the foot – pointing the toes

36
Q

Inversion

A

turning the sole medially

37
Q

Eversion

A

turning the sole laterally

38
Q

Protraction

A

nonangular movement of jutting out the jaw

39
Q

Retraction

A

opposite movement to protraction

40
Q

Elevation

A

lifting a body superiorly

41
Q

Depression

A

moving the elevated part inferiorly

42
Q

Opposition

A

– movement of the thumb to touch the tips of other fingers

43
Q

Plane joint

A

Articular surfaces are flat planes
Short gliding movements are allowed
Intertarsal and intercarpal joints
Movements are nonaxial
Gliding does not involve rotation around any axis

44
Q

Hinge joints

A

Cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough on another bone
Angular movement is allowed in one plane
Elbow, ankle, knee and joints between phalanges
Movement is uniaxial – allows movement around one axis only

45
Q

Pivot Joints

A

Classified as uniaxial – rotating bone only turns around its long axis
allow rotation
Examples
Proximal radioulnar joint
Joint between atlas and axis

46
Q

Condyloid Joints

A

Allow moving bone to travel:
Side to side – abduction-adduction
Back and forth – flexion-extension
Classified as biaxial – movement occurs around two axes

47
Q

Saddle joints

A

Each articular surface has concave and convex surfaces
Classified as biaxial joints

48
Q

Ball and Socket Joint

A

Spherical head of one bone fits into round socket of another
Classified as multiaxial – allow movement in all axes
Examples: shoulder and hip joints

Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science (31 decks)

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