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Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science > Endocrine System (Q4,P5) > Flashcards

Endocrine System (Q4,P5) Flashcards

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1
Q

Endocrine System

A

-A system of glands and organs hat make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body
- a system of ductless glands
- Secrete messenger molecules called hormones
- this system interacts closely with the nervous system

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2
Q

What is a ductless gland?

A

glands that produce secretions that are released directly into the blood, not to any tubes or ducts

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3
Q

Endocrinology

A

study of hormones and endocrine glands

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4
Q

Pure Endocrine Glands

A
  • Pituitary
  • Pineal
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid
  • Adrenal Glands
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5
Q

Organs containing endocrine cells

A
  • Pancreas
  • Thymus
  • Gonads
  • Hypothalamus
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6
Q

Hormones Function

A
  • Circulate throughout the body in blood vessels and influence specific target cells

ex: Regulate blood sugar levels, regulate calcium ion levels

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7
Q

Humoral Stimuli

A
  • simplest of endocrine control mechanisms
  • Secretion in direct response to changing ion or nutrient levels in the blood
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8
Q

Neural Stimuli

A
  • sympathetic nerve fibers stimulate cells in the adrenal medulla
  • Induces release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
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9
Q

Hormonal Stimuli

A
  • stimuli received from other glands
  • Certain hormones signal secretion of other hormones
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10
Q

Pituitary Gland/Hypophysis

A
  • called the “master gland” of the endocrine system
  • Secretes nine major hormones
  • Main hormone: growth hormone (HGH/ somatotropin)
  • Attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum
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11
Q

Thyroid Gland

A
  • largest pure endocrine gland
  • Located in the anterior neck
  • Produces two hormones: Thyroid hormone (TH), Calcitonin
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12
Q

Thyroid Hormone (TH)

A

Hormone that controls metabolism

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13
Q

Calcitonin

A

Hormone that decreases blood concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+)

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14
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A
  • Lie on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
  • Produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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15
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

Increases blood concentration of calcium ions Ca2+

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16
Q

Adrenal Glands

A
  • Located on the superior surface of the kidneys
  • Nerve supply is almost exclusively sympathetic fibers
  • Two endocrine glands in one: adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex
17
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A
  • a knot of nervous tissue
  • Secrete hormones that are active in “fight, flight, and fright” response
18
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A
  • bulk of the adrenal gland
  • Secretes a variety of hormones: only steroids are secreted from the adrenal cortex
19
Q

Pineal Gland

A
  • Located on the roof of the diencephalon
  • Shaped like a pinecone
  • secretes melatonin
20
Q

Melatonin

A

A hormone that regulates circadian rhythms (sleep-wake cycle)

21
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Located in the posterior abdominal wall
  • Heterocrine Gland: Contains both endocrine and exocrine cells
22
Q

Exocrine Cells of the Pancreas

A
  • Pancreatic cells that produce and transport chemicals that will exit the body through the digestive system.
  • Secrete digestive enzymes
23
Q

Endocrine Cells of the Pancreas

A
  • Pancreatic cells that produce hormones that are secreted into the bloodstream.
  • pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans): groups of pancreatic cells secreting insulin and glucagon.
  • About one million islets are scattered throughout the pancreas
24
Q

Main Hormones Secreted From the Pancreas

A
  • Glucagon
  • Insulin
  • Both hormones are from endocrine cells/endocrine function
25
Q

Glucogen

A
  • A hormone that signals liver to release glucose from glycogen
  • Raises blood sugar
26
Q

Insulin

A
  • A hormone that signals most body cells to take up glucose from the blood
  • Promotes storage of glucose as glycogen in liver
  • Lowers blood sugar
27
Q

Thymus

A
  • Important immune organ
  • Located in the lower neck and anterior thorax
  • Site at which T-lymphocytes arise from precursor cells
  • Primary function is maturation of T Cells
28
Q

What T cells mature in the Thymus?

A
  • Thymosin
  • Thymopoietin
29
Q

Gonads

A
  • Testes and ovaries are the main sources of sex hormones
30
Q

Male Gonads

A
  • Interstitial cells secrete androgens, primarily testosterone
31
Q

Testosterone

A
  • Hormone that promotes the formation of sperm
  • Maintains secondary sex characteristics
32
Q

Female Gonads

A
  • secretes estrogen
33
Q

Estrogen

A
  • Hormone that controls ovulation
  • Maintains secondary female sex characteristics

Anatomy and Physiology for Mortuary Science (31 decks)

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