The Cell (PPT based) Part II Flashcards
7.5 nm thick and composed of a lipid bilayer and associated proteins
PLASMA MEMBRANE
envelopes the cell
PLASMA MEMBRANE
aids in maintaining its structural and functional integrity
PLASMA MEMBRANE
functions as a semi-permeable membrane between the cytoplasm and the external environment
PLASMA MEMBRANE
sensory device
PLASMA MEMBRANE
recognize other cells and macromolecules
PLASMA MEMBRANE
composed of an inner leaflet (facing the cytoplasm) and an outer leaflet (facing the extracellular environment)
PLASMA MEMBRANE
exhibits a trilaminar structure (called the unit membrane)
PLASMA MEMBRANE
performs special processes like: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, exocytosis
PLASMA MEMBRANE
composed of phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol
Lipid bilayer
12 nm wide and 25 nm long
RIBOSOMES/ Palade granules
consist of a small and large subunit composed of several types of RNA
RIBOSOMES/ Palade granules
may be:
free in the cytosol
RIBOSOMES/ Palade granules
may be:
bound to membranes of the
*rough endoplasmic reticulum
*outer nuclear membrane
RIBOSOMES/ Palade granules
may be:
actual sites of protein synthesis
RIBOSOMES/ Palade granules
may be:
responsible for the basophilic staining of the cytoplasm
RIBOSOMES/ Palade granules
site where non-cytosolic proteins are synthesized
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (RER)
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (RER):
site where non-cytosolic proteins are synthesized are:
Secretory
Plasma membrane
Lysosomal
provide an area of storage and transport of proteins
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (RER)
irregular network of membrane bounded channels that lack ribosomes on its surface appearing smooth
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM/Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
appears as branching anastomosing tubules or vesicles membranes
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM/Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
less common than RER
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM/Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
predominates in cells synthesizing steroids, triglycerides and cholesterol
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM/Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM serves different functions in different cell types:
steroid hormones and lipid synthesis
drug detoxification (liver)
muscle contraction and relaxation
parallel stacks of membranes (6-10) located near the nucleus
ANNULATE LAMELLAE
resemble the nuclear envelope, including its pore complexes
ANNULATE LAMELLAE
are continuous with the RER
ANNULATE LAMELLAE
are found in rapidly growing cells (germ cells, embroyonic cells, tumor cells)
ANNULATE LAMELLAE
are found in rapidly growing cells (germ cells, embroyonic cells, tumor cells)
ANNULATE LAMELLAE
rod-shaped organelles [0.2 µm (W) – 7 µm (L)] double layered sac
MITOCHONDRIA
possess an outer smooth membrane and an inner membrane, which invaginates to form cristae
MITOCHONDRIA
important in energy metabolism
MITOCHONDRIA
as major source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
MITOCHONDRIA
site of many metabolic reaction
MITOCHONDRIA
subdivided into an intermembrane compartment and an inner matrix compartment
MITOCHONDRIA
contain granules within the matrix that bind the divalent cations Mg+2 and Ca+2
MITOCHONDRIA
contain all of the enzymes of the krebs (TCA) cycle
MITOCHONDRIA
consists of disk-shaped cisternae (saccules) arranged in a stack
GOLGI COMPLEX (apparatus)
pale area near the nucleus
GOLGI COMPLEX (apparatus)
processing of non-cytosolic proteins synthesized in the RER
GOLGI COMPLEX (apparatus)
membrane retrieval, recycling and redistribution(renewal of cell membrane)
GOLGI COMPLEX (apparatus)
characterized by a visible cytoplasmic surface coat
COATED VESICLES
2 varieties of Coated Vesicles:
clathrin-coated vesicles
clathrin
3 large and 3 small polypeptide chains that form a triskelion (3 legged structure)
formed during endocytosis
associated with signal-directed transport
non-clathrin-coated vesicles
involved in the transport of proteins
from RER to golgi,
one golgi cisterna to another
golgi complex to plasma membrane
associated with constitutive protein transport
dark staining body containing hydrolytic enzymes
LYSOSOMES
essential for intracellular digestion
LYSOSOMES
Types of lysosomes:
Multivesicular bodies/endosomes
Phagolysosomes/phagosomes + lysosomes
Auto-phagolysosomes
Residual bodies
also known as microbodies
PEROXISOMES
membrane-bound, ovoid
PEROXISOMES
has oxidative enzyme for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide and alcohol
PEROXISOMES