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Histology > Respiratory System Part II > Flashcards

Respiratory System Part II Flashcards

1
Q

is a short (4 cm × 4 cm) passage for air between the pharynx and the trachea

A

LARYNX

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2
Q

The epithelial layer type of larynx:

A

Respiratory epithelium and stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Its rigid wall is reinforced by hyaline cartilage (in the thyroid, cricoid, and the inferior arytenoid cartilages) and smaller elastic cartilages (in the epiglottis, cuneiform, corniculate, and the superior arytenoid cartilages), all of which are connected by ligaments.

A

LARYNX

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4
Q

a flattened structure projecting from the upper rim of the larynx serves to prevent swallowed food or fluid from entering that passage.

A

EPIGLOTTIS

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5
Q

Its upper, or lingual, surface has stratified squamous epithelium; at variable points on its laryngeal surface this epithelium undergoes a transition to ciliated pseudostratified columnar (respiratory) epithelium

A

EPIGLOTTIS

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6
Q

Mixed mucous and serous glands are found in the ______ beneath the epithelium

A

lamina propria

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7
Q

The epithelial layer type of Epiglottis:

A

transition from stratified squamous to respiratory epithelium

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8
Q

Type of cartilage in Epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage

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9
Q

Two folds of Epiglottis

A
  • VESTIBULAR
  • VOCAL
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10
Q

10-12 cm long in adults

A

TRACHEA

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11
Q

lined with typical respiratory mucosa in which the lamina propria contains numerous seromucous glands producing watery mucus

A

TRACHEA

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12
Q

The open ends of the cartilage rings are on the posterior surface, against the esophagus, and are bridged by a bundle of smooth muscle called the trachealis muscle and a sheet of fibroelastic tissue attached to the perichondrium.

A

TRACHEA

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13
Q

The epithelial tissue type of trachea:

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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14
Q

Type of cartilage in trachea

A

Hyaline cartilage

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15
Q

are the intralobular airways with diameters of 1 mm or less, formed after about the tenth generation of branching; they lack both mucosal glands and cartilage

A

BRONCHIOLES

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16
Q

the epithelium is still ciliated pseudostratified columnar, but this decreases in height and complexity to become ciliated simple columnar or simple cuboidal epithelium in the smallest terminal bronchioles, which are the last parts of the air-conducting system

A

Larger Bronchioles

17
Q

The ciliated epithelial lining of bronchioles begins the ______, important in clearing debris and mucus by moving it upward along the bronchial tree and trachea

A

mucociliary apparatus or escalator

18
Q

Each terminal bronchiole subdivides into two or more respiratory bronchioles, which always include the saclike alveoli.

A

RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES

19
Q

Smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue comprise the lamina propria and the epithelium consists of club cells, with simple squamous cells at the alveolar openings.

A

RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES

20
Q

What is the epithelial tissue of the BRONCHI?

A

Respiratory epithelium

21
Q

Epithelial tissue type of Bronchioles:

A

simple ciliated cuboidal to columnar

22
Q

Epithelial tissue type of Terminal Bronchioles:

A

simple ciliated cuboidal

23
Q

Epithelial tissue type of Respiratory Bronchioles:

A

simple ciliated cuboidal

24
Q

Saclike evaginations from respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

A

ALVEOLI

25
Q

Responsible for spongy structure of the lungs

A

ALVEOLI

26
Q

consisting of scattered fibroblasts and sparse extracellular matrix.

A

Thin Interalveolar septa

27
Q

enables alveoli to expand with inspiration and contract passively with expiration

A

Elastic fibers arrangement

28
Q

prevent both collapse and excessive distention of alveoli.

A

Reticular fibers

29
Q

The wall of each alveolus consists of alveolar cells, or pneumonocytes, of two type:

A
  • Extremely thin type I alveolar cells
  • Cuboidal type II alveolar cells with surfactant-secreting and innate immune properties
30
Q

characterized ultrastructurally by unique cytoplasmic lamellar bodies, large granules with closely stacked layers of membrane involved in surfactant synthesis.

A

Type II alveolar cells

31
Q

Each lung is covered by ______, a similar tissue layer that lines the pleural cavity.

A

visceral pleura

32
Q

A serous membrane covering the lung’s outer surface and the internal wall of the thoracic cavity

A

PLEURA

33
Q

membrane attached to lung tissue

A

VISCERAL PLEURA

34
Q

elastic fibers are continuous with those of the pulmonary parenchyma

A

VISCERAL PLEURA

35
Q

the membrane lining the thoracic walls.

A

PARIETAL PLEURA

36
Q

Between the parietal and visceral layers, the _____ is entirely lined with the mesothelial cells

A

narrow pleural cavity

Histology (37 decks)

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