Respiratory System Part II Flashcards
is a short (4 cm × 4 cm) passage for air between the pharynx and the trachea
LARYNX
The epithelial layer type of larynx:
Respiratory epithelium and stratified squamous epithelium
Its rigid wall is reinforced by hyaline cartilage (in the thyroid, cricoid, and the inferior arytenoid cartilages) and smaller elastic cartilages (in the epiglottis, cuneiform, corniculate, and the superior arytenoid cartilages), all of which are connected by ligaments.
LARYNX
a flattened structure projecting from the upper rim of the larynx serves to prevent swallowed food or fluid from entering that passage.
EPIGLOTTIS
Its upper, or lingual, surface has stratified squamous epithelium; at variable points on its laryngeal surface this epithelium undergoes a transition to ciliated pseudostratified columnar (respiratory) epithelium
EPIGLOTTIS
Mixed mucous and serous glands are found in the ______ beneath the epithelium
lamina propria
The epithelial layer type of Epiglottis:
transition from stratified squamous to respiratory epithelium
Type of cartilage in Epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
Two folds of Epiglottis
- VESTIBULAR
- VOCAL
10-12 cm long in adults
TRACHEA
lined with typical respiratory mucosa in which the lamina propria contains numerous seromucous glands producing watery mucus
TRACHEA
The open ends of the cartilage rings are on the posterior surface, against the esophagus, and are bridged by a bundle of smooth muscle called the trachealis muscle and a sheet of fibroelastic tissue attached to the perichondrium.
TRACHEA
The epithelial tissue type of trachea:
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Type of cartilage in trachea
Hyaline cartilage
are the intralobular airways with diameters of 1 mm or less, formed after about the tenth generation of branching; they lack both mucosal glands and cartilage
BRONCHIOLES
the epithelium is still ciliated pseudostratified columnar, but this decreases in height and complexity to become ciliated simple columnar or simple cuboidal epithelium in the smallest terminal bronchioles, which are the last parts of the air-conducting system
Larger Bronchioles
The ciliated epithelial lining of bronchioles begins the ______, important in clearing debris and mucus by moving it upward along the bronchial tree and trachea
mucociliary apparatus or escalator
Each terminal bronchiole subdivides into two or more respiratory bronchioles, which always include the saclike alveoli.
RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES
Smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue comprise the lamina propria and the epithelium consists of club cells, with simple squamous cells at the alveolar openings.
RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES
What is the epithelial tissue of the BRONCHI?
Respiratory epithelium
Epithelial tissue type of Bronchioles:
simple ciliated cuboidal to columnar
Epithelial tissue type of Terminal Bronchioles:
simple ciliated cuboidal
Epithelial tissue type of Respiratory Bronchioles:
simple ciliated cuboidal
Saclike evaginations from respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs
ALVEOLI
Responsible for spongy structure of the lungs
ALVEOLI
consisting of scattered fibroblasts and sparse extracellular matrix.
Thin Interalveolar septa
enables alveoli to expand with inspiration and contract passively with expiration
Elastic fibers arrangement
prevent both collapse and excessive distention of alveoli.
Reticular fibers
The wall of each alveolus consists of alveolar cells, or pneumonocytes, of two type:
- Extremely thin type I alveolar cells
- Cuboidal type II alveolar cells with surfactant-secreting and innate immune properties
characterized ultrastructurally by unique cytoplasmic lamellar bodies, large granules with closely stacked layers of membrane involved in surfactant synthesis.
Type II alveolar cells
Each lung is covered by ______, a similar tissue layer that lines the pleural cavity.
visceral pleura
A serous membrane covering the lung’s outer surface and the internal wall of the thoracic cavity
PLEURA
membrane attached to lung tissue
VISCERAL PLEURA
elastic fibers are continuous with those of the pulmonary parenchyma
VISCERAL PLEURA
the membrane lining the thoracic walls.
PARIETAL PLEURA
Between the parietal and visceral layers, the _____ is entirely lined with the mesothelial cells
narrow pleural cavity
