The Cell (Module) Flashcards
Structure:
phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol and proteins (integral and peripheral) and some carbohydrates (externally); forms a selectively permeable boundary of the cell
Plasma membrane
function:
acts as physical barrier to enclose cell contents
Plasma membrane
regulates material movement into and out of the cell
plasma membrane
establishes and maintains an electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane
plasma membrane
functions in cell communication
plasma membrane
short, numerous membrane extensions supported by microtubules, which occur on exposed membrane surfaces of some cells
cilia
move substances (eg, mucus and dissolved materials) over the cell surface
cilia
long, singular membrane extension supported by microtubules; present on sperm cells
flagellum
propels sperm
flagellum
numerous thin membrane folds projecting from the free cell surface; supported by microfilaments
microvilli
increase membrane surface area for greater absorption
microvilli
large structure enclosed within a double membrane
nucleus
contains chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm
nucleus
houses the DNA that serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesis
nucleus
double membrane boundary between cytoplasm and nuclear contents
nuclear envelope
continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum
nuclear envelope
separates nucleus from cytoplasm
nuclear envelope
openings through the nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
allow passage of materials between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, including ribonucleic acid (RNA), protein, ions, and small water-soluble molecules
nuclear pores
large, prominent structure within the nucleus
nucleolus
functions in synthesis of ribosomes
nucleolus
contents of cells between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope
cytoplasm
responsible for many cellular processes
cytoplasm
viscous fluid medium with dissolved solutes (eg, ions, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids)
cytosol
provides support for organelles
cytosol
serves as the viscous fluid medium through which diffusion occurs
cytosol
membrane-bound and nonmembrane-bound structures
organelles
carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell
organelles
extensive interconnected membrane network that varies in shape (eg, cisternae, tubules)
rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes attached on cytoplasmic surface
rough endoplasmic reticulum
modified, transports, and stores proteins produced by attached ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
these proteins are secreted, become components of the plasma membrane, or serve as enzymes of lysosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum