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Histology > The Cell (Module) > Flashcards

The Cell (Module) Flashcards

1
Q

Structure:
phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol and proteins (integral and peripheral) and some carbohydrates (externally); forms a selectively permeable boundary of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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2
Q

function:
acts as physical barrier to enclose cell contents

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

regulates material movement into and out of the cell

A

plasma membrane

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4
Q

establishes and maintains an electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane

A

plasma membrane

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5
Q

functions in cell communication

A

plasma membrane

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6
Q

short, numerous membrane extensions supported by microtubules, which occur on exposed membrane surfaces of some cells

A

cilia

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7
Q

move substances (eg, mucus and dissolved materials) over the cell surface

A

cilia

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8
Q

long, singular membrane extension supported by microtubules; present on sperm cells

A

flagellum

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9
Q

propels sperm

A

flagellum

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10
Q

numerous thin membrane folds projecting from the free cell surface; supported by microfilaments

A

microvilli

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11
Q

increase membrane surface area for greater absorption

A

microvilli

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12
Q

large structure enclosed within a double membrane

A

nucleus

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13
Q

contains chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm

A

nucleus

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14
Q

houses the DNA that serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesis

A

nucleus

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15
Q

double membrane boundary between cytoplasm and nuclear contents

A

nuclear envelope

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16
Q

continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

nuclear envelope

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17
Q

separates nucleus from cytoplasm

A

nuclear envelope

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18
Q

openings through the nuclear envelope

A

nuclear pores

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19
Q

allow passage of materials between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, including ribonucleic acid (RNA), protein, ions, and small water-soluble molecules

A

nuclear pores

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20
Q

large, prominent structure within the nucleus

A

nucleolus

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21
Q

functions in synthesis of ribosomes

A

nucleolus

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22
Q

contents of cells between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope

A

cytoplasm

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23
Q

responsible for many cellular processes

A

cytoplasm

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24
Q

viscous fluid medium with dissolved solutes (eg, ions, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids)

A

cytosol

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25
Q

provides support for organelles

A

cytosol

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26
Q

serves as the viscous fluid medium through which diffusion occurs

A

cytosol

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27
Q

membrane-bound and nonmembrane-bound structures

A

organelles

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28
Q

carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell

A

organelles

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29
Q

extensive interconnected membrane network that varies in shape (eg, cisternae, tubules)

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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30
Q

ribosomes attached on cytoplasmic surface

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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31
Q

modified, transports, and stores proteins produced by attached ribosomes

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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32
Q

these proteins are secreted, become components of the plasma membrane, or serve as enzymes of lysosomes

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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33
Q

extensive interconnected membrane network lacking ribosomes

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

34
Q

synthesizes, transports, and stores lipids (eg, steroids)

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

35
Q

metabolizes carbohydrates

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

detoxifies drugs, alcohol, and poisons

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

forms vesicles and peroxisomes

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

series of several elongated, flattened saclike membranous structures

A

golgi apparatus

39
Q

modifies, packages, and sorts materials that arrive from the ER in transport vesicles

A

golgi apparatus

40
Q

forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes

A

golgi apparatus

41
Q

spherical-shaped membrane-bound sacs

42
Q

contain various types of materials to be transported through the cell

43
Q

transport cellular material

44
Q

spherical-shaped membrane-bound organelles formed from Golgi apparatus

45
Q

contain digestive enzymes

46
Q

digest microbes or materials (eg, ingested by the cell, worn-out cellular components, or the entire cell)

47
Q

smaller, spherical-bound membrane-bound organelles formed from the ER or through fission

A

peroxisomes

48
Q

contains oxidative enzymes

A

peroxisomes

49
Q

detoxify specific harmful substances either produced by the cell or taken into the cell

A

peroxisomes

50
Q

engage in beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA

A

peroxisomes

51
Q

double membrane-bound organelles containing a circular strand of DNA (genes for producing mitochondrial proteins)

A

mitochondria

52
Q

synthesize most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration by digestion of fuel molecules (eg, glucose) in the presence of oxygen

A

mitochondria

53
Q

organelles composed of both protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that are organized into both a large and small subunit

54
Q

may be bound to a membrane or free in cytosol

55
Q

engage in protein synthesis

56
Q

bound ribosomes produce proteins that are secreted, incorporated into plasma membrane, and within lysosomes

57
Q

it produces proteins used within the cell

A

free ribosomes

58
Q

organized network of protein filaments and hollow tubules, including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

A

cytoskeleton

59
Q

maintains intercellular structural support and organization of cells

A

cytoskeleton

60
Q

participates in cell division and facilitates movement

A

cytoskeleton

61
Q

actin proteins monomers organized into two thin, intertwined protein filaments (actin filaments)

A

microfilaments

62
Q

maintain cell shape

A

microfilaments

63
Q

supports microvilli

A

microfilaments

64
Q

separates two cells during cytokinesis (a process of cell division)

A

microfilaments

65
Q

facilitate change in cell shape

A

microfilaments

66
Q

participates in muscle contraction

A

microfilaments

67
Q

various protein components

A

intermediate filaments

68
Q

provide structural support

A

intermediate filaments

69
Q

stabilize junctions between cells

A

intermediate filaments

70
Q

hollow cylinders composed of tubulin protein

A

microtubules

71
Q

maintain cell shape and rigidity

A

microtubules

72
Q

organizes and move organelles; support cilia and flagella

A

microtubules

73
Q

participate in vesicular transport; separate chromosomes during the process of cell division

A

microtubules

74
Q

amorphous region adjacent to nucleus

A

centrosome

75
Q

contains a pair of centrioles

A

centrosome

76
Q

organizes microtubules

A

centrosome

77
Q

participates in mitotic spindle formation during cell division

A

centrosome

78
Q

large, barrel-shaped protein complexes located in the both cytosol and nucleus

A

proteasomes

79
Q

aggregates of specific types of molecules (eg, melanin, protein, glycogen, or lipid)

A

inclusions

80
Q

serve as temporary storage for these molecules

A

inclusions

Histology (37 decks)

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