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Histology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

CONDUCTING PORTION

A

● Nasal cavities
● Pharynx
● Larynx
● Trachea
● Bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

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2
Q

gas exchange

A

RESPIRATORY PORTION

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3
Q

RESPIRATORY PORTION:

A

● Respiratory bronchioles
● Alveolar ducts
● Alveoli

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4
Q

the cellular sites of the exchange of O2 and CO2 between inspired air and blood, are small, air-filled, saclike structures, which make up most of the lung structure.

A

ALVEOLI

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5
Q

The left and right nasal cavities each have two components:

A

external dilated vestibule
internal nasal cavity

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6
Q

The skin of the nose enters the _______ into the _____ and includes sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and coarse, moist vibrissae (hairs), which filter out particulate material from inspired air

A

nares (nostrils) partway
vestibule

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7
Q

The _____ lie within the skull as two cavernous chambers separated by the osseous nasal septum.

A

nasal cavities

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8
Q

Extending from each lateral wall are three bony shelflike projections called

A

conchae, or turbinate bones.

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9
Q

RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM:

Nasal cavities and conducting portion

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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10
Q

Most of the nasal cavities and conducting portion of the system is lined with mucosa having ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium commonly known as the ______.

A

respiratory epithelium

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11
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

most abundant, 250-300 cilia

A

CILIATED COLUMNAR CELLS

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12
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

move microbes and debris up and out of airways

A

CILIATED COLUMNAR CELLS

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13
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

Numerous and predominate in some areas with basal nuclei and apical domain

A

GOBLET CELLS

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14
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

with granules of mucin glycoprotein

A

GOBLET CELLS

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15
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

secrete mucin and create protective mucus layer

A

GOBLET CELLS

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16
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

much less numerous

A

BRUSH CELLS

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17
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

columnar cell type

A

BRUSH CELLS

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18
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

sparse, blunt microvilli

A

BRUSH CELLS

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19
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

chemosensory receptors resembling gustatory cells

A

BRUSH CELLS

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20
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

detect small particles of bacterial protein

A

BRUSH CELLS

21
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

difficult to distinguish in routine preparations

A

SMALL GRANULE CELLS (KULCHITSKY CELLS)

22
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

possess numerous dense core granules 100-300 nm in diameter

A

SMALL GRANULE CELLS (KULCHITSKY CELLS)

23
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

are part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES)

A

SMALL GRANULE CELLS (KULCHITSKY CELLS)

24
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

represent 3% of the cells

A

SMALL GRANULE CELLS (KULCHITSKY CELLS)

25
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

production of lipid for the mucus layer above epithelium

A

SMALL GRANULE CELLS (KULCHITSKY CELLS)

26
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

mitotically active stem and progenitor cells

A

BASAL CELLS

27
Q

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

give rise to other epithelial cells

A

BASAL CELLS

28
Q

Chemoreceptors for the sense of smell are located in the

A

olfactory epithelium

29
Q

specialized region of the mucous membrane covering the superior conchae at the roof of the nasal cavity

A

OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM

30
Q

are bipolar neurons present throughout this epithelium.

A

OLFACTORY NEURONS

31
Q

nuclei form an irregular row near the middle of this thick epithelium.

A

OLFACTORY NEURONS

32
Q

apical (luminal) pole of each olfactory cell is its dendrite end and has a knoblike swelling with about a dozen basal bodies, from which long cilia project into the overlying aqueous layer

A

OLFACTORY NEURONS

33
Q

These cilia have nonmotile axonemes and collectively provide a large surface for transmembrane chemoreceptors

A

OLFACTORY NEURONS

34
Q

The receptors respond to ______ by generating an action potential along the axons extending from the basal ends of these neurons

A

odoriferous substances

35
Q

The axons leave the epithelium and unite in the lamina propria as very small nerves that then pass to the brain through foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

A

OLFACTORY NEURONS

36
Q

are columnar, with narrow bases and broad, cylindrical apexes containing the nuclei and extending microvilli into the fluid layer

A

SUPPORTING CELLS

37
Q

Well-developed junctional complexes bind the supporting cells to the olfactory cells

A

SUPPORTING CELLS

38
Q

Well-developed junctional complexes bind the supporting cells to the olfactory cells

A

SUPPORTING CELLS

39
Q

they express abundant ion channels, which help maintain a microenvironment conducive to olfactory function and survival.

A

SUPPORTING CELLS

40
Q

are small, spherical, or cone-shaped cells near the basal lamina.

A

BASAL CELLS

41
Q

These are the stem cells for the other two types, replacing the olfactory neurons every 2-3 months and support cells less frequently

A

BASAL CELLS

42
Q

are bilateral cavities in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull

A

PARANASAL SINUSES

43
Q

are lined with a thinner respiratory epithelium having fewer goblet cells.

A

PARANASAL SINUSES

44
Q

Unlike the stratified squamous epithelium of the oropharynx, the ______ is the respiratory epithelium, and its mucosa contains the medial pharyngeal tonsil and the openings of the two auditory tubes which connect to each middle ear cavity.

A

nasopharynx lining

45
Q

PHARYNX:

A

OROPHARYNX
NASOPHARYNX

46
Q

PHARYNX:

stratified squamous epithelium

A

OROPHARYNX

47
Q

PHARYNX:

Respiratory epithelium

A

NASOPHARYNX

48
Q

PHARYNX:

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

NASOPHARYNX

Histology (37 decks)

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