Lymphatic System Flashcards
Consists of a large, diverse population of leukocytes located within every tissue of the body and lymphoid organs interconnected only by the blood and lymphatic circulation.
IMMUNE SYSTEM and LYMPHOID ORGANS
TYPES OF IMMUNITY
INNATE IMMUNITY
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Nonspecific, involves a wide variety of effector mechanisms, and immediate response
INNATE IMMUNITY
Physical barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts that prevent infections or penetration of the host body
Examples: Granulocytes and other leukocytes
INNATE IMMUNITY
ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMICALS OF LEUKOCYTES
- HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND ORGANIC ACIDS
- DEFENSINS
- LYSOZYME
- COMPLEMENT
- INTERFERONS
In specific regions, lower the pH locally to either kill entering microorganisms directly or inhibit their growth.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND ORGANIC ACIDS
Short cationic polypeptides produced by neutrophils and various epithelial cells kill bacteria by disrupting the cell walls
DEFENSINS
is an enzyme made by neutrophils and cells of epithelial barriers, which hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall components, killing those cells.
LYSOZYME
A system of proteins in blood plasma, mucus and macrophages that react with bacterial surface components to aid the removal of bacteria.
COMPLEMENT
Paracrine factors from leukocytes and virus-infected cells that signal NK cells to kill such cells and adjacent cells to resist viral infection.
INTERFERONS
Aims at specific microbial invades
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Mediated by lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs)
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Acquired gradually by exposure to microorganism
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
More specific, slower to respond
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Evolutionarily more recent development than innate immunity
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Response to specific microbial invaders
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
involve production of memory lymphocytes
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Use as a communication of the cell in the immune system to coordinate defensive measures
CYTOKINES
Both innate and adaptive immunity
CYTOKINES
Both innate and adaptive immunity
CYTOKINES
A diverse group of peptides and glycoproteins
CYTOKINES
low molecular mass
CYTOKINES
paracrine mode of action
CYTOKINES
Directed cell movements, or chemotaxis, toward cell accumulation at sites of inflammation, for example, diapedesis.
CYTOKINES
Cytokines producing this effect are also called
chemokines
Increased mitotic activity
CYTOKINES
Adaptive: stimulation or suppression of lymphocytes – interleukins
CYTOKINES
Innate: stimulation of phagocytosis or direct cell killing
CYTOKINES
Antibody percentage in the plasma:
75% - 85%
lgG
Antibody percentage in the plasma:
5%-10%
lgM
Antibody percentage in the plasma:
10%-15%
lgA
Antibody percentage in the plasma:
0.001%
lgD
Antibody percentage in the plasma:
0.002%
lgE
Presence in sites other than blood, and lymphoid organs:
Fetal circulation in pregnant women
lgG
Presence in sites other than blood, and lymphoid organs:
B lymphocyte surface (as a monomer)
lgM
Presence in sites other than blood, and lymphoid organs:
Secretions (saliva, milk, tears, etc)
lgA
Presence in sites other than blood, and lymphoid organs:
Surface of B lymphocytes
lgD
Presence in sites other than blood, and lymphoid organs:
Bound to the surface of mast cells and basophils
lgE
Known functions:
Activates phagocytosis, neutralizes antigens
lgG
Known functions:
First antibody produced in initial immune response; activates complement
lgM
Known functions:
Protects mucosae
lgA
Known functions:
Antigen receptor triggering initial B cell activation
lgD
Known functions:
Destroys parasitic worms and participates in allergies
lgE
