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Histology > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of muscle?

A
  1. Striated
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Contractile filaments
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2
Q

Skeletal muscle is ____

A

Voluntary

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3
Q

Cardiac muscle is ____

A

Involuntary

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4
Q

Smooth muscle is ____

A

Involuntary

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5
Q

Under contractile filaments

A

Actin and Myosin

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6
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE INVESTMENTS:

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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7
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE INVESTMENTS:

surrounds entire muscle

A

Epimysium

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8
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE INVESTMENTS:

surrounds muscle bundles or fascicles (small bundles)

A

Perimysium

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9
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE INVESTMENTS:

surrounds individual muscle cells

A

Endomysium

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10
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE INVESTMENTS:

Reticular fibers and external lamina

A

Endomysium

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11
Q

Long, cylindrical, multinucleated

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS

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12
Q

Sarcoplasm, sarcolemma with T (transverse) tubules

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS

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13
Q

MYOFIBRILS structure has:

A
  • Thick filaments (myosin)
  • Thin filaments (actin)
  • Dark A bands, light I bands (bisected by Z disks)
  • DESMIN (with plectin) glues Z disks together
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14
Q

CROSS-STRIATIONS

A

TABLE 8.2
A-bands
I-bands
H-bands
M lines
Z disks (lines)

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15
Q

CROSS-STRIATIONS:

Anisotropic; stain dark; thin and thick filaments

A

A-bands

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16
Q

CROSS-STRIATIONS:

Isotropic; light stain; thin filaments

A

I-bands

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17
Q

CROSS-STRIATIONS:

Light regions transecting A bands; thick filaments

A

H-bands

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18
Q

CROSS-STRIATIONS:

Narrow dark regions at center of H bands; cross-bridges

A

M lines

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19
Q

CROSS-STRIATIONS:

Dense regions bisecting I-band

A

Z disks (lines)

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20
Q

Z to Z

A

SARCOMERE

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21
Q

Functional unit of contraction

A

SARCOMERE

22
Q

Dilated terminal cisternae that encircle myofibrils at the junction of each A and I band

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

23
Q

Regulates muscle contraction by calcium sequestration (relax) and release (contract)

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

24
Q

Central T tubule flanked by 2 terminal cisternae of SR

A

Triads

25
Q

Help provide uniform contraction

A

Triads

26
Q

Under sarcomere

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Triads

27
Q

MOLECULAR ORGANIZATION:

THIN FILAMENTS

A

F-actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin

28
Q

double helix arrangement

A

F-actin

29
Q

has an active site for interacting with myosin

A

F-actin

30
Q

In the grooves of the F-actin helix

A

Tropomyosin

31
Q

Troponin:

bind to tropomyosin

A

TnT

32
Q

Troponin:

4 binding sites for calcium

A

Tnc

33
Q

Troponin:

binds to actin, inhibiting myosin-actin interaction

A

TnI

34
Q

MOLECULAR ORGANIZATION:

THICK FILAMENTS

A

Myosin II

35
Q

2 identical heavy chains and 2 pairs of light chains

A

Myosin II

36
Q

Double-headed golf club

A

Myosin II

37
Q

Globular heads (S1 fragments) have ATPase activity but require interaction with actin to release ADP and Pi.

A

Myosin II

38
Q

During contraction, thick and thin filaments do not shorten but increase their overlap

A

Huxley’s Sliding-Filament Model

39
Q

Thin filaments slide past thick filaments and penetrate more deeply into the A band, which remains constant in length

A

Huxley’s Sliding-Filament Model

40
Q

I and H bands shorten as Z disks are drawn closer together

A

Huxley’s Sliding-Filament Model

41
Q

INITIATION AND REGULATION OF CONTRACTION

A

Depolarization + calcium release 🡪 actin-myosin binding 🡪 muscle contraction

42
Q

INITIATION AND REGULATION OF CONTRACTION:

______ depolarized at MNJ

A

Sarcolemma

43
Q

INITIATION AND REGULATION OF CONTRACTION:

______ convey depolarization to myofibrils (voltage-sensitive dihydropyridine (DHP) receptors)

A

T tubules

44
Q

INITIATION AND REGULATION OF CONTRACTION:

______ released to cytosol at A-I junction via ________ of SR terminal cisternae opened by activated DHP receptors

A

Ca 2+, Ca2+ release channels (junctional feet, ryanodine receptors)

45
Q

INITIATION AND REGULATION OF CONTRACTION:

Sufficient Ca2+ 🡪 continued contraction cycle

A

Ca2+

46
Q

Resting state 🡪 myosin-binding sites on actin are partially covered by tropomyosin. TnI is also bound to actin.

A

Activation of actin by Ca2+

47
Q

Ca2+ + TnC 🡪 break TnI-actin bond; tropomyosin shifts position and uncovers myosin-binding sites (active state)

A

Activation of actin by Ca2+

48
Q

Calcium concentration in the cytosol is reduced enough that TnC loses its bound Ca2+

A

Relaxation

49
Q

Relaxation:

SR calcium pump binds Ca2+ to the SR inner membrane with ______

A

calsequestrin

50
Q

Motor unit is consists of:

A

neuron
muscle cell it innervates

Histology (37 decks)

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