Connective Tissue Part III Flashcards

1
Q

dense layer forms the outside of the bone

A

compact bone

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2
Q

spongelike meshwork consisting of trabeculae

A

spongy bone (cancellous bone)

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3
Q

The spaces within the meshwork are continuous and occupied by marrow and blood vessels.

A

spongy bone (cancellous bone)

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4
Q

longer in one dimension
e.g., humerus, femur

A

Long bones

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5
Q

nearly equal in length and diameter

A

Short bones

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6
Q

Have compact, spongy bone and a marrow space on the inside

A

Short bones

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7
Q

Articular surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage

A

Short bones

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8
Q

Examples are carpals, tarsals, patella

A

Short bones

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9
Q

thin and platelike bones

A

Flat bones

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10
Q

Examples are parietal bone, scapula, sternum

A

Flat bones

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11
Q

Thick compact bone with an intervening layer of spongy bone

A

Flat bones

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12
Q

Examples are vertebrae, hip bones, ethmoid bone

A

Irregular bones

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13
Q

tendons

A

Sesamoid bones

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14
Q

Is an outer fibrous sheath of dense regular connective tissue covering of the bone except articular surface.

A

Periosteum

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15
Q

Two layers of Periosteum

A

outer fibrous layer
an inner cellular (osteogenic) layer

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16
Q

is well defined If active bone formation is in progress

A

inner cellular (osteogenic) layer of Periosteum

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17
Q

The relatively few ______ are capable of undergoing division and becoming osteoblasts under appropriate stimulus.

A

periosteal cells

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18
Q

Collagen fibers from ligaments and tendons extend directly into the bone tissue, where they are continuous with the collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix of the bone tissue.

A

Sharpey’s fibers

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19
Q

The marrow cavity and the spaces in spongy bone contain ____

A

bone marrow

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20
Q

normally restricted to the spaces of spongy bone in the adult

A

Red bone marrow

21
Q

consists mostly of fat cells

A

yellow marrow

22
Q

can revert to red marrow e.g. extreme blood loss

A

yellow marrow

23
Q

Mature Bone/Lamellar bone is composed of cylindrical units called

A

Osteons or Haversian systems

24
Q

osteons consist of concentric lamellae of bone matrix surrounding a central canal, the osteonal (Haversian) canal, which contains the vascular and nerve supply of the osteon.

A

Mature Bone/lamellar bone

25
Q

Within the bone matrix are spaces called ______, each containing osteocyte.

A

lacunae

26
Q

The osteocyte extends numerous processes into small tunnels called ________.

A

canaliculi

27
Q

communicate by gap junctions with other osteocytes

A

canaliculi

28
Q

generally arranged in a radial pattern with respect to the Haversian canal

A

canaliculi

29
Q

serves for the passage of substances between the osteocytes and blood vessels

A

canaliculi

30
Q

Between the osteons are remnants of previous concentric lamellae called

A

interstitial lamellae

31
Q

_______ follow the entire inner and outer circumferences of the shaft of a long bone

A

Circumferential lamellae

32
Q

This is where blood vessels and nerves travel from the periosteal and endosteal surfaces to reach the osteonal canal; they also connect osteonal canals to one another

A

Perforating canals (Volkmann’s canals)

33
Q

not surrounded by concentric lamellae

A

Perforating canals (Volkmann’s canals)

34
Q

CELLS OF BONE TISSUE:

A

osteoprogenitor cells,
osteoblasts,
osteocytes,
Osteoclasts

35
Q

bone tissue Cells are surrounded by matrix
- ____ water
- ____ protein
- ____ mineral salts

A

25%
25%
50%

36
Q

derived from mesenchymal stem cells

A

Osteoprogenitor Cells

37
Q

is a resting cell that can differentiate into an osteoblast and secrete bone matrix

A

Osteoprogenitor Cells

38
Q

Morphologically, they comprise the periosteal cells that form the innermost layer of the periosteum and the endosteal cells that line the marrow cavities, the osteonal (Haversian) canals, and the perforating (Volkmann’s) canals.

A

Osteoprogenitor Cells

39
Q

is the differentiated bone-forming cell that secretes bone matrix /type I collagen and bone matrix proteins (BMPs)

A

Osteoblast

40
Q

processes communicate with other osteoblasts and with osteocytes by gap junctions.

A

Osteoblast

41
Q

Are mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that became trapped in lacunae

A

Osteocytes

42
Q

They are responsible for maintaining the bone matrix.

A

Osteocytes

43
Q

synthesize new matrix, as well as participate in matrix degradation → maintain calcium homeostasis

A

Osteocytes

44
Q

arranged with their long axes in the same direction as the lamellae.

A

Osteocytes

45
Q

Are multinucleated cells originating from granulocyte-macrophage progenitors

A

Osteoclasts

46
Q

Play a role in bone resorption

A

Osteoclasts

47
Q

Are bone-resorbing cells present on bone surfaces where bone is being removed or remodeled

A

Osteoclasts

48
Q

a shallow bay called a _________ can be observed in the bone directly under the osteoclast.

A

resorption bay (Howship’s lacuna)