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Histology > Blood and Hemopoiesis > Flashcards

Blood and Hemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

process of blood cell formation

A

Hemopoiesis

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2
Q

light to dark red, viscous

A

BLOOD

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3
Q

What is the pH level of blood

A

7.35-7.45 pH
slightly alkaline

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4
Q

What is the total body weight of blood?

A

7%

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5
Q

Composed of formed elements suspended in a fluid component which is the plasma

A

BLOOD

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6
Q

____ of blood in an average adult

A

5L

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7
Q

yellowish fluid in which cells, platelets, organic compounds and electrolytes are suspended and/or dissolved

A

Plasma

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8
Q

Plasma:

water ____
proteins ___
inorg. Salts, ions, gases, nutrients ____

A

90%
9%
1%

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9
Q

straw-colored, blood coagulates leaving the components suspended into the clot

A

Serum

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10
Q

Types of HEMOPOIESIS

A

Prenatal hemopoiesis
Postnatal hemopoiesis

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11
Q

FORMED ELEMENTS of hemopoiesis

A

RED BLOOD CELLS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
PLATELETS

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12
Q

Prenatal Hemopoiesis:

blood cell formation begins in the mesoderm of the yolk sac

A

2 weeks after conception (mesoblastic phase)

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13
Q

Mesenchymal cells aggregate to form blood islands

A

Prenatal Hemopoiesis

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14
Q

Peripheral cells become vessel walls and the rest become erythroblast, become nucleated erythrocytes

A

Prenatal Hemopoiesis

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15
Q

Prenatal Hemopoiesis:

erythrocytes still have nuclei, and leukocytes appear by the 8th week

A

6th week of gestation (hepatic phase)

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16
Q

Prenatal Hemopoiesis:

continues until the end of gestation

A

2nd trimester (splenic phase)

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17
Q

Prenatal Hemopoiesis:

beginning of hemopoiesis in the Bone marrow

A

End of 2nd trimester (myeloid phase):

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18
Q

Occurs almost exclusively in the bone marrow

A

Postnatal hemopoiesis

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19
Q

Entire process is regulated by various growth factors and cytokines that act at different steps to control the type of cells formed and their rate of formation

A

Postnatal hemopoiesis

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20
Q

Where all blood cells arise

A

Pluripotential Hematopoietic Stem Cells (PHSCs)

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21
Q

Give rise to more PHSCs as well as 2 types of Multipotential Hematopoietic Stem Cells

A

Pluripotential Hematopoietic Stem Cells (PHSCs)

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22
Q

2 types of Multipotential Hematopoietic Stem Cells (MHSCs):

A

CFU-Ly
CFU-GEMM

23
Q

Unipotential, committed to forming a single cell line

A

Progenitor cells

24
Q

Only limited capacity for self-renewal

A

Progenitor cells

25
Q

for Erythrocytes

A

BFU-E to CFU-E

26
Q

for megakaryocytes

27
Q

for Eosinophil

A

CFU-Eosinophil

28
Q

for basophil

A

CFU-Basophil

29
Q

for Neutrophil

30
Q

for monocyte

31
Q

Arise from progenitor cells and are incapable of self-renewal

A

Precursor cells

32
Q

Undergo cell division and differentiation to give rise to a clone of mature cells

A

Precursor cells

33
Q

HEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS:

Most are _____

A

glycoproteins

34
Q

Rapid mitosis and differentiation

A

HEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS

35
Q

HEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS:

A
  1. Transport via bloodstream (endocrine hormones)
  2. Secretion by stromal cells of the BM
  3. Direct cell-to-cell contact
  4. Steel factors or stem cell factors
  5. GM-CSF
  6. IL-3 and IL-7
  7. Cytokinesis
36
Q

in the hemopoietic growth factors, the cells undergo ______

37
Q

The formation of red blood cells, under the control of several cytokines, namely: steel factor, IL-3, IL-9, GM-CSF, erythropoietin

A

Erythropoiesis

38
Q

Progenitor cells arising from CFU-GEMM: BFU-E and CFU-E

A

Erythropoiesis

39
Q

______ with the help of other cytokines induce CFU-GEMM to form BFU-E

A

Erythropoietin (kidney)

40
Q

no nucleus and red cytoplasm

A

erythrocytes

41
Q

no nucleus and blue-grey cytoplasm

A

reticulocytes

42
Q

dark, small, spherical nucleus and blue-grey cytoplasm

A

orthochromatophilic erythroblasts

43
Q

darkening, fractures, spherical nucleus and mixed pools of grey and blue cytoplasm

A

polychromatophilic erythroblasts

44
Q

fractures, spherical nucleus, and thin rim of sky blue cytoplasm

A

basophilic erythroblasts

45
Q

The smallest and the most abundant

A

Erythropoietin (kidney)

46
Q

Have no nuclei

A

Erythropoietin (kidney)

47
Q

Functions to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissue

A

Erythropoietin (kidney)

48
Q

Biconcave-shaped disk

A

Erythropoietin (kidney)

49
Q

7um in diameter

A

Erythropoietin (kidney)

50
Q

Salmon-pink color

A

Erythropoietin (kidney)

51
Q

Carbonic anhydrase, carbonic acid, chloride shift

A

Erythropoietin (kidney)

52
Q

Glycolytic pathway (Embden-Meyerhoff)

A

Erythropoietin (kidney)

53
Q

Pentose monophosphate shunt

A

Erythropoietin (kidney)

Histology (37 decks)

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