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Histology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomic division:

A

CNS
PNS

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2
Q

Anatomic division:

brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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3
Q

Anatomic division:

nerves outside CNS and associated ganglia

A

PNS

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4
Q

Functional division:

A

Sensory
Motor (somatic and autonomic)

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5
Q

Two types of cell:

A

Nerve cells (neurons)
Glial (neuroglial) cells

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6
Q

Two types of cell:

conduct impulses

A

Nerve cells (neurons)

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7
Q

Two types of cell:

support, nurture, protect neurons

A

Glial (neuroglial) cells

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8
Q

Connective tissue investments:

A

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium

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9
Q

the layer of fibrous dense connective tissue (fascia) that forms the external coat of the nerves.

A

Epineurium

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10
Q

surrounds each bundle of nerve fibers (fascicle).

A

Perineurium

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11
Q

is a thin layer of reticular fibers, produced mainly by Schwann cells, that surrounds individual nerve fibers.

A

Endoneurium

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12
Q

CELLS:

A

NEURONS
NEUROGLIAL CELLS

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13
Q

Cell body, multiple dendrites, single axon

A

NEURONS

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14
Q

Morphologic classification of Neurons

A

Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, pseudounipolar

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15
Q

Functional classification of Neurons

A

Sensory, interneurons, Motor

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16
Q

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia, ependymal cells

A

NEUROGLIAL CELLS

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17
Q

large, spherical, and pale staining and is centrally located, abundant euchromatin and a large nucleolus (owl-eye nucleus)

A

nucleus

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18
Q

nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles and inclusions, cytoskeletal components

A

Neuronal cell body (soma, perikaryon)

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19
Q

_____ receive stimuli from sensory cells, axons, or other neurons and convert these signals into small electrical impulses (action potentials) that are transmitted toward the soma

A

Dendrites

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20
Q

arborized terminals (except in bipolar neurons)

A

Dendrites

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21
Q

Lack golgi complex in cytoplasm

A

Dendrites

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22
Q

Organelles are reduced in number or absent near the terminals except for mitochondria which are abundant

A

Dendrites

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23
Q

_____ conduct impulses away from the soma to the axon terminals without any diminution in their strength.

A

AXONS

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24
Q

Some axons are as long as _____ cm.

A

100

25
Q

originate from the axon hillock,( lacks RER, ribosomes, Golgi cisternae, and Nissl bodies but contains many microtubules and neurofilaments)

A

AXONS

26
Q

______ lacks a Golgi complex but contains SER, RER, and elongated mitochondria

A

Axoplasm

27
Q

______ terminate in many small branches (axon terminals) from which impulses are passed to another neuron or other types of cells

A

Axons

28
Q

some neurons in the CNS; dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia.

A

Melanin-containing granules

29
Q

increase in number with age.

A

Lipofuscin-containing granules

30
Q

occasionally are present

A

Lipid droplets

31
Q

(10 nm in diameter) are abundant and run throughout the soma cytoplasm; intermediate filaments

A

Neurofilaments

32
Q

(24 nm in diameter) are also present in the soma cytoplasm

A

Microtubules

33
Q

(actin filaments 6 nm in diameter) are associated with the plasma membrane.

A

Microfilaments

34
Q

Protect and support the neurons

A

NEUROGLIAL CELLS

35
Q

largest of the neuroglial cells

A

Astrocytes

36
Q

scavenge ions and debris from neuron metabolism and supply energy for metabolism

A

Astrocytes

37
Q

Types of Astrocytes

A

Protoplasmic astrocytes (gray mater)
Fibrous astrocytes (white mater)

38
Q

Needed for the survival of neurons in the CNS

A

OLIGODENDROCYTES

39
Q

produce myelin sheath for CNS

A

OLIGODENDROCYTES

40
Q

both gray matter and white matter.

A

OLIGODENDROCYTES

41
Q

possess a small, round, condensed nucleus and only a few short processes

A

OLIGODENDROCYTES

42
Q

flat cells with only a few mitochondria and a small Golgi region

A

Schwann cells

43
Q

they protect and insulate neurons by providing myelin sheath for PNS

A

Schwann cells

44
Q

a single ______ can only insulate a single axon, whereas a single _______ may insulate several axons.

A

Schwann cell, oligodendrocyte

45
Q

small, phagocytic neuroglial cells that are derived from the mononuclear phagocytic cell population in the bone marrow

A

Microglia

46
Q

condensed, elongated nucleus and many short, branching processes

A

Microglia

47
Q

epithelial cells that line the neural tube and ventricles of the brain

A

Ependymal cells

48
Q

May possess cilia, which aid in moving the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Ependymal cells

49
Q

distributed throughout the body as an integrated communications network

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

50
Q

highly irritable and conducts waves of excitation as nerve impulses

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

51
Q

Transmits nerve impulses to the CNS from sensory receptors

A

SENSORY [AFFERENT]

52
Q

Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs (muscle and gands)

A

MOTOR (SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC)[EFFERENT]

53
Q

voluntary nervous system

A

Somatic

54
Q

involuntary system

A

Automatic

55
Q

numerous long processes and conducts impulses

A

NERVE CELLS (NEURONS)

56
Q

support, nurture, protect neurons

A

GLIAL (NEUROGLIAL) CELLS

57
Q

has single process
Ex. spinal ganglia

A

UNIPOLAR NEURONS

58
Q
  • possess 1 axon
  • 1 dendrite
  • present in several sense organs
A

BIPOLAR NEURONS

59
Q
  • possess a single axon and more than one dendrite
  • most common type
    Ex. neuron of vertebrates
A

MULTIPOLAR NEURON

Histology (37 decks)

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