Test Review 7

Question 1

the most important commercial method of preparing hydrogen in the US

Answer 1

steam reforming

Question 2

laboratory methods of preparing hydrogen

Answer 2

electrolysis of water
reacting zinc with acid

Question 3

balanced equation for reaction between hydrogen and potassium

Answer 3

2K + H2 ———–> 2KH

Question 4

balanced equation for reaction between hydrogen and fluorine

Answer 4

H2 + F2 ————-> 2HF

Question 5

balanced equation for reaction between hydrogen and sulfur

Answer 5

H2 + S ————–> H2 S

Question 6

important uses of hydrogen

Answer 6

1. synthesis of ammonia
2. hydrogenation of vegetable oils
3. rocket fuel

Question 7

sand is the oxide of

Answer 7

silicon

Question 8

an allotrope is

Answer 8

one of two or more forms of the same element that differ in their properties but exist in the same physical state

Question 9

oxygen is most often prepared commercially by

Answer 9

distilling liquid air or by filtering air through a molecular sieve

Question 10

photosynthesis is

Answer 10

the process in which plants use energy from unlight to convert C)2 and H2O into O2 and carbohydrates

6CO2 + 6H2O ————> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Question 11

you could prepare O2 in the laboratory by

Answer 11

electrolyzing water

Question 12

balanced equation for the combustion of butane

Answer 12

2 C4H10 + 13O2 ——> 8 CO2 + 10 H2O

Question 13

differentiate between an oxide, a peroxide, and a superoxide

Answer 13

oxide= O 2-
peroxide = O2 2-
superoxide= O2 -

Question 14

uses of oxygen

Answer 14

1. steel manufacture
2. medical uses
3. breathing apparatuses
4. metabolism
5. welding
6. oxidizer in liquid fuel rockets

Question 15

uses of ozone

Answer 15

1. purification of drinking water
2. deodorizing air and sewage gases
3. bleaching textiles, waxes, and oils

Question 16

formula for hydrogen peroxide and its uses

Answer 16

H2O2

1. antiseptic
2. bleach
3. rocket fuel

Question 17

decomposition of hydrigen peroxide

Answer 17

2 H2O2 ————> 2 H2O + O2

Question 18

though both nitrogen and oxygen are diatomic gases, nitrogen is far less reactive than oxygen. Why?

Answer 18

nitrogen has strong triple bond whereas oxygen has a double bond

Question 19

uses of nitrogen

Answer 19

1. production of ammonia for fertilizers
2. inert atmosphere for some foods and reactive chemicals
3. manufacture of explosives and rocket fuels
4. fast-freezing foods
5. refrigerating foods and biological specimens

Question 20

conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to compounds plants can use

Answer 20

nitrogen fixation

Question 21

three important nitrogen fertilizers and their formulas

Answer 21

1. urea- (NH2)2 CO
2. ammonia- NH3
3. ammonium nitrate- NH4 NO3

Question 22

what is meant by the designation 15-10-7 on a bag of fertilizer

Answer 22

15% nitrogen
10% P2 O5 equivalent
7% K2 O equivalent

Question 23

process used to synthesize ammonia commercially and the balanced equation of that process

Answer 23

Haber process
N2 + 3 H2————> 2 NH3

Question 24

uses of nitrous oxide

Answer 24

1. anesthetic in minor surgery
2. propellant for food products
3. oxidizer in high-performance engines

Question 25

the process used to synthesize nitric acid commercially

Answer 25

Ostwald process

Question 26

why are old solution of nitric acid a brownish or yellow color?

Answer 26

HNO3 decomposes in light to form brown NO2; NO2 is present in old solutions

Question 27

commercial uses of nitric acid

Answer 27

1. manufacture of fertilizers, drugs, dyes, and explosives
2. etching and photoengraving processes