Test Review 7 Flashcards
the most important commercial method of preparing hydrogen in the US
steam reforming
laboratory methods of preparing hydrogen
electrolysis of water
reacting zinc with acid
balanced equation for reaction between hydrogen and potassium
2K + H2 ———–> 2KH
balanced equation for reaction between hydrogen and fluorine
H2 + F2 ————-> 2HF
balanced equation for reaction between hydrogen and sulfur
H2 + S ————–> H2 S
important uses of hydrogen
- synthesis of ammonia
- hydrogenation of vegetable oils
- rocket fuel
sand is the oxide of
silicon
an allotrope is
one of two or more forms of the same element that differ in their properties but exist in the same physical state
oxygen is most often prepared commercially by
distilling liquid air or by filtering air through a molecular sieve
photosynthesis is
the process in which plants use energy from unlight to convert C)2 and H2O into O2 and carbohydrates
6CO2 + 6H2O ————> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
you could prepare O2 in the laboratory by
electrolyzing water
balanced equation for the combustion of butane
2 C4H10 + 13O2 ——> 8 CO2 + 10 H2O
differentiate between an oxide, a peroxide, and a superoxide
oxide= O 2-
peroxide = O2 2-
superoxide= O2 -
uses of oxygen
- steel manufacture
- medical uses
- breathing apparatuses
- metabolism
- welding
- oxidizer in liquid fuel rockets
uses of ozone
- purification of drinking water
- deodorizing air and sewage gases
- bleaching textiles, waxes, and oils
formula for hydrogen peroxide and its uses
H2O2
- antiseptic
- bleach
- rocket fuel
decomposition of hydrigen peroxide
2 H2O2 ————> 2 H2O + O2
though both nitrogen and oxygen are diatomic gases, nitrogen is far less reactive than oxygen. Why?
nitrogen has strong triple bond whereas oxygen has a double bond
uses of nitrogen
- production of ammonia for fertilizers
- inert atmosphere for some foods and reactive chemicals
- manufacture of explosives and rocket fuels
- fast-freezing foods
- refrigerating foods and biological specimens
conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to compounds plants can use
nitrogen fixation
three important nitrogen fertilizers and their formulas
- urea- (NH2)2 CO
- ammonia- NH3
- ammonium nitrate- NH4 NO3
what is meant by the designation 15-10-7 on a bag of fertilizer
15% nitrogen
10% P2 O5 equivalent
7% K2 O equivalent
process used to synthesize ammonia commercially and the balanced equation of that process
Haber process
N2 + 3 H2————> 2 NH3
uses of nitrous oxide
- anesthetic in minor surgery
- propellant for food products
- oxidizer in high-performance engines
the process used to synthesize nitric acid commercially
Ostwald process
why are old solution of nitric acid a brownish or yellow color?
HNO3 decomposes in light to form brown NO2; NO2 is present in old solutions
commercial uses of nitric acid
- manufacture of fertilizers, drugs, dyes, and explosives
- etching and photoengraving processes
