Section 12.2- Behavior of Solutions

Question 1

as the number of particles in solution increases, the number that collide with the surfaces of the undissolved crystals and remain there also increases; this is called

Answer 1

crystallization

Question 2

if there is sufficient solute present, eventually the rate of crystallization becomes

Answer 2

equal to the rate of dissolution

Question 3

when the rate of crystallization becomes equal to the rate of dissolution and the amount of undissolved solid remains constant, this condition exists

Answer 3

solution equilibrium

Question 4

since the processes of crystallization and dissolution are continuously occurring, though at equal rates so they offset each other, the situation is a state of

Answer 4

dynamic equilibrium

Question 5

a solution that contains all the solute possible under the equilibrium conditions at a given temperature

Answer 5

saturated solution

Question 6

the amount of solute present in the saturated solution is the __________ of the solute

Answer 6

solubility

Question 7

a solution that contains less solute than it could at equilibrium at a specific temperature is

Answer 7

unsaturated

Question 8

a solution that contains more solute than it could under equilibrium conditions is said to be

an unstable condition that usually requires a dust-free solvent and a container with a smooth interior surface

Answer 8

supersaturated

Question 9

the solubility of liquid or solid solutes in liquid solvents is virtually ___________ by ordinary pressure changes

Answer 9

unaffected

Question 10

the number of collisions by gas molecule is related to the ___________ of the particular gas being considered

Answer 10

partial pressure

Question 11

states that at a given temperature, the equilibrium concentration of a dissolved gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas

Answer 11

Henry’s Law

Question 12

the higher the partial pressure of a gas, the ________________ the solubility of the gas at a given temperature

Answer 12

greater

Question 13

the __________ the pressure and the ________ the temperature, the more soluble a gas is

Answer 13

higher
colder

Question 14

the painful and possibly fatal condition that is caused by the formation of nitrogen gas bubbles int he bloodstream, which can obstruct blood flow and cause stroke like symptoms in a diver

Answer 14

decompression sickness (bends)

Question 15

replaces a diver’s nitrogen to help alleviate the problem of bubbles because it is less soluble than nitrogen in blood

Answer 15

helium

Question 16

the solubilities of gases ____________ with increasing temperature

Answer 16

decrease

Question 17

most solid solute have greater solubility in liquid such as water as the temperature is ____________

Answer 17

raised

Question 18

the three steps of the solution process

Answer 18

1. solute particles separate from the crystal
2. solvent molecules move apart to make room for the solute particles that will enter the liquid environment
3. the solvent and solute particles interact and attract each other

Question 19

the first two steps of the solution process requires an _____________ of energy

Answer 19

input (endothermic)

Question 20

the third step of the solution process ______________ energy

Answer 20

releases (exothermic)

Question 21

the total heat absorbed or released when one substance dissolves in another

Answer 21

enthalpy of solution (delta H soln)