Section 12.1- Introduction to Solutions

Question 1

abound all around us and even within us

Answer 1

solutions and colloids

Question 2

if you drop a lump of sugar into a glass of water, the sugar gradually disappears– it

Answer 2

dissolves

Question 3

the mixture of sugar and water is ____________ and is said to be a solution

Answer 3

homogenous (same throughout)

Question 4

a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Answer 4

solution

Question 5

the substance that does the dissolving

Answer 5

solvent

Question 6

the substance dissolved is the

Answer 6

solute

Question 7

substances in the same phase that are completely soluble in each other in all proportions

Answer 7

miscible

Question 8

two parts of a solution

Answer 8

solute (dissolved)
solvent (doing the dissolving)

Question 9

liquids, such as gasoline and water or carbon tetrachloride and water, that do not dissolve in each other to any significant extent are

Answer 9

immiscible

Question 10

typically, whatever has more of it in solution is the

Answer 10

solvent (dissolver)

Question 11

an ion or molecule surrounded by water molecules is

Answer 11

hydrated

Question 12

for solvents other than water and for solvents in general, the more general term for hydrated is

Answer 12

solvated

Question 13

the process in which solute molecules or ions are surrounded by solvent molecules is known as

Answer 13

solvation

Question 14

a solution is formed by either

Answer 14

solvation or hydration

Question 15

process in which the solvent is water

Answer 15

hydration

Question 16

process in which the solvent is not water

Answer 16

solvation

Question 17

the separation of ions from each other (ALREADY FORMED) that occurs when they are solvated

NO NEW IONS

Answer 17

dissociation

Question 18

molecular compounds that FORM IONS in solution

CREATION OF NEW IONS

Answer 18

ionization

Question 19

factors affecting solution rate (how quickly you can make something)

Answer 19

1. stirring brings more solute particles into contact with solvent molecules and moves solvated solute particles away from the undissolved solute
2. crushing or grinding a solute into small particles
3. increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy

Question 20

states that molecules move more quickly at higher temperatures

Answer 20

kinetic theory of matter

Question 21

whether a given solute will dissolve in a given solvent depends on

Answer 21

solvent-solvent attractions
solute-solute attractions
solvent-solute attractions

Question 22

if the interactions between solvent and solute are not strong enough to overcome the attractions between solvent molecules and between solute particles, _________________________

Answer 22

solution will not occur to any significant extent

(ie water and oil)

Question 23

solution occurs because the solute and solvent molecules mix randomly; __________________ increases

Answer 23

entropy

Question 24

the more alike two molecules are, the ________________ likely they are to form a solution

Answer 24

MORE

Question 25

“like dissolves ____________

Answer 25

like

Question 26

for ionic compounds, a better approach to predicting solubility in water is to use a set of guidelines known as

Answer 26

solubility rules

Question 27

solubility rules should be taken as

Answer 27

guidelines