Section 12.1- Introduction to Solutions Flashcards
abound all around us and even within us
solutions and colloids
if you drop a lump of sugar into a glass of water, the sugar gradually disappears– it
dissolves
the mixture of sugar and water is ____________ and is said to be a solution
homogenous (same throughout)
a homogenous mixture of two or more substances
solution
the substance that does the dissolving
solvent
the substance dissolved is the
solute
substances in the same phase that are completely soluble in each other in all proportions
miscible
two parts of a solution
solute (dissolved)
solvent (doing the dissolving)
liquids, such as gasoline and water or carbon tetrachloride and water, that do not dissolve in each other to any significant extent are
immiscible
typically, whatever has more of it in solution is the
solvent (dissolver)
an ion or molecule surrounded by water molecules is
hydrated
for solvents other than water and for solvents in general, the more general term for hydrated is
solvated
the process in which solute molecules or ions are surrounded by solvent molecules is known as
solvation
a solution is formed by either
solvation or hydration
process in which the solvent is water
hydration
process in which the solvent is not water
solvation
the separation of ions from each other (ALREADY FORMED) that occurs when they are solvated
NO NEW IONS
dissociation
molecular compounds that FORM IONS in solution
CREATION OF NEW IONS
ionization
factors affecting solution rate (how quickly you can make something)
- stirring brings more solute particles into contact with solvent molecules and moves solvated solute particles away from the undissolved solute
- crushing or grinding a solute into small particles
- increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy
states that molecules move more quickly at higher temperatures
kinetic theory of matter
whether a given solute will dissolve in a given solvent depends on
solvent-solvent attractions
solute-solute attractions
solvent-solute attractions
if the interactions between solvent and solute are not strong enough to overcome the attractions between solvent molecules and between solute particles, _________________________
solution will not occur to any significant extent
(ie water and oil)
solution occurs because the solute and solvent molecules mix randomly; __________________ increases
entropy
the more alike two molecules are, the ________________ likely they are to form a solution
MORE
“like dissolves ____________
like
for ionic compounds, a better approach to predicting solubility in water is to use a set of guidelines known as
solubility rules
solubility rules should be taken as
guidelines
